The Endoplasmic Reticulum

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Presentation transcript:

The Endoplasmic Reticulum Produces an enormous variety of molecules Is composed of smooth and rough ER Nuclear envelope Ribosomes Rough ER Smooth ER

The Endoplasmic Reticulum After the rough ER synthesizes a molecule it packages the molecule into transport vesicles 4 Transport vesicle buds off Secretory protein inside transport vesicle Ribosome 3 Protein 1 Rough ER 2 Polypeptide

The Golgi Apparatus Works in partnership with the ER Refines, stores, and distributes the products of cells Transport vesicle from ER “Receiving” side of Golgi apparatus Golgi apparatus New vesicle forming Transport vesicle from the Golgi “Shipping” side of Golgi apparatus Plasma membrane

Lysosomes A lysosome is a membrane-enclosed sac It contains digestive enzymes The enzymes break down macromolecules They break down damaged organelles Lysosome Digestion Damaged organelle (b) Lysosome breaking down damaged organelle

Vacuoles Vacuoles are membranous sacs

The Endomembrane System Rough ER Transport vesicle from ER Golgi apparatus Secretory vesicle from Golgi Secretory protein Vacuole Lysosome Plasma membrane

Clicker Question #2 2. Highly phagocytic cells (cells that take part in lots of phagocytosis), like some of your immune cells, need __________ to degrade their phagocytosed particles.   A. peroxisomes B. phagosomes C. lysosomes D. cytoskeletal proteins E. ribosomes 7

Cellular energy conversion Mitochondria are the sites of cellular respiration, which involves the production of ATP from food molecules Outer membrane Inner membrane Cristae Matrix Space between membranes Figure 4.18

Cytoskeleton ● Provides mechanical support to the cell and maintain its shape 9

The Cytoskeleton *microtubules *microfilaments (actin filaments) *intermediate filaments

Microfilaments

Microtubules *centrosome *centrioles

Cilia and Flagella Cilia and flagella are motile appendages Flagella propel the cell in a whiplike motion Cilia move in a coordinated back-and-forth motion

Cilia and Flagella “9 + 2” basal body

The Cytoskeleton dynein – motor molecules

Plant Cells Not in animal cells Cytoskeleton Mitochondrion Central vacuole Nucleus Cell wall Rough endoplamsic reticulum (ER) Chloroplast Ribosomes Plasma membrane Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Plasmodesmata Golgi apparatus

Plant Cells Plant cells are encased by cell walls Walls of two adjacent plant cells Vacuole Plasmodesmata (channels between cells)

Chloroplasts Inner and outer membranes of envelope Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis, the conversion of light energy to chemical energy Space between membranes Granum Stroma (fluid in chloroplast)

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