1. A Tour of the Cell  Categories of Cells  Features of Prokaryotic Cells  Features of Eukaryotic Cells o Membrane Structure o Nucleus and Ribosomes o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Golgi Apparatus o Lysosomes o Vacuoles  Energy Converting Organelles o Chloroplasts o Mitochondria  Cytoskeleton o Cell Shape o Cell Movement

2. Proteins and Lipids Leave the ER Enroute to the Golgi Secretion being released from cell by exocytosis Peroxisome Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Golgi apparatus Nucleolus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Cytosol Lysosome Mitochondrion Centrioles Centrosome matrix Cytoskeletal elements Microtubule Intermediate filaments Plasma membrane

3. Figure 4.11 Proteins Are Transported in Vesicles to the Golgi

4. The Golgi Apparatus The Golgi apparatus –Refines, stores, and distributes the chemical products of cells. –Acts like a finishing and shipping station (UPS or FedEx) in the cell

5. A Tour of the Cell  Categories of Cells  Features of Prokaryotic Cells  Features of Eukaryotic Cells o Membrane Structure o Nucleus and Ribosomes o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Golgi Apparatus o Lysosomes o Vacuoles  Energy Converting Organelles o Chloroplasts o Mitochondria  Cytoskeleton o Cell Shape o Cell Movement

6. Focus on Lysosomes Secretion being released from cell by exocytosis Peroxisome Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Golgi apparatus Nucleolus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Cytosol Lysosome Mitochondrion Centrioles Centrosome matrix Cytoskeletal elements Microtubule Intermediate filaments Plasma membrane

7. Lysosomes A lysosome is a membrane-enclosed sac containing digestive enzymes –The enzymes break down macromolecules and ingested debris within vacuoles –Serves as the “Greeting and Garbage Service” of the cell Lysosome Formation

8. Figure 3.20 Plasma mem- brane Secretion by exocytosis Vesicle becomes lysosome Golgi apparatus Rough ER ER membrane Phagosome Proteins in cisterna Pathway B: Vesicle membrane to be incorporated into plasma membrane Pathway A: Vesicle contents destined for exocytosis Extracellular fluid Secretory vesicle Pathway C: Lysosome containing acid hydrolase enzymes Proteins and Lipids Move Through the Endomembrane System 3 Fates: A. Exocytosis (export) B. Becomes part of membrane C. Becomes a lysosome

9. A Tour of the Cell  Categories of Cells  Features of Prokaryotic Cells  Features of Eukaryotic Cells o Membrane Structure o Nucleus and Ribosomes o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Golgi Apparatus o Lysosomes o Vacuoles & Peroxisomes  Energy Converting Organelles o Chloroplasts o Mitochondria  Cytoskeleton o Cell Shape o Cell Movement

10. Focus on Vacuoles and Perioxisomes Secretion being released from cell by exocytosis Peroxisome Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Golgi apparatus Nucleolus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Cytosol Lysosome Mitochondrion Centrioles Centrosome matrix Cytoskeletal elements Microtubule Intermediate filaments Plasma membrane

11. A Tour of the Cell  Categories of Cells  Features of Prokaryotic Cells  Features of Eukaryotic Cells o Membrane Structure o Nucleus and Ribosomes o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Golgi Apparatus o Lysosomes o Vacuoles  Energy Converting Organelles o Chloroplasts o Mitochondria  Cytoskeleton o Cell Shape o Cell Movement

12. Mitochondria Mitochondria are energy conversion factories Food energy is converted into usable cellular energy (ATP) through cellular respiration Cell Respiration: Food energy + oxygen gas Carbon dioxide + water + ATP

13. A Tour of the Cell  Categories of Cells  Features of Prokaryotic Cells  Features of Eukaryotic Cells o Membrane Structure o Nucleus and Ribosomes o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Golgi Apparatus o Lysosomes o Vacuoles  Energy Converting Organelles o Chloroplasts o Mitochondria  Cytoskeleton o Cell Shape o Cell Movement

14. Cytoskeleton: Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, Microfilaments Secretion being released from cell by exocytosis Peroxisome Ribosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Nucleus Nuclear envelope Chromatin Golgi apparatus Nucleolus Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Cytosol Lysosome Mitochondrion Centrioles Centrosome matrix Cytoskeletal elements Microtubule Intermediate filaments Plasma membrane

15. Cytoskeleton Made of Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, and Microtubules Muscle contracts using actin protein (and myosin) Cells divide in half with the pinching action of microfilaments Organelle towing Cell-cell junctions

16. A Tour of the Cell  Categories of Cells  Features of Prokaryotic Cells  Features of Eukaryotic Cells o Membrane Structure o Nucleus and Ribosomes o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Golgi Apparatus o Lysosomes o Vacuoles  Energy Converting Organelles o Chloroplasts o Mitochondria  Cytoskeleton o Cell Shape o Cell Movement o Cell Junctions

17. Cell Junctions: Tight, Desmosomes, and Gap Gap junctions: Communicating junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass from one cell to the next for intercellular communication. Desmosomes: Anchoring junctions bind adjacent cells together and help form an internal tension-reducing network of fibers. Tight junctions: Impermeable junctions prevent molecules from passing through the intercellular space.

18. Testing Diagrams of Cells

19. A Tour of the Cell  Categories of Cells  Features of Prokaryotic Cells  Features of Eukaryotic Cells o Membrane Structure o Nucleus and Ribosomes o Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) o Golgi Apparatus o Lysosomes o Vacuoles  Energy Converting Organelles o Chloroplasts o Mitochondria  Cytoskeleton o Cell Shape o Cell Movement