The Behavioral Study of Aesthetics in Architecture الدراسه السلوكية للجماليات في العمارة

2. The Study of Aesthetics 3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics 4. Innovative Applications of Aesthetics 5. Conclusions 1. Introduction & Problem

Criticism of modern architecture نقد العمارة الحديثه New directions in architecture اتجاهات معمارية جديدة Science of environmental aesthetics علم الجماليات البيئيه 1 2 Conclusion 3 الخلاصة Origins of Environmental Aesthetics نشأه الدراسة السلوكية للجماليات البيئية

Origins of the Behavioral Study of Envl. Aesthetics نشأه الدراسة السلوكية للجماليات البيئية Modern Movement (20 th C.) Ideals Criticism Functionalism Aesthetic Puritanism Uniformity, stylistic standardization Industrial products False imagery Failure at social level Impersonal, boring, does not contribute to environment False values 1

New directions in architecture اتجاهات معمارية جديدة 2 Came as a response to criticism of modern architecture Search for NEW aesthetics

3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics 3.1 Architectural & urban theories of aesthetics 3.2 Environment-behavior theories of aesthetics نظريات معمارية عمرانية نظريات سلوكية بيئية

3. Theoretical Innovations in Aesthetics 3.1 Architectural & urban theories of aesthetics نظريات معمارية عمرانية Philosophical theories Architectural/urban theories Pluralism of contemporary architectural aesthetics

Architectural Direction Aesthetic Imagery New Modernism Loyal to modernism, emphasize aesthetics of formal composition – E.g. Richard Meier, Charles Gwathmy, I.M. Pei, Rem Koolhaus, Steven Holl Post Modernism Rejection of simplistic expression of International Style, calls for use of ornamentation, increase complexity and ambiguity – E.g. Michael Graves, Robert Stern Popular Architecture Rejects functional expression of form in favor of bold ornamentation with “funny” or “sarcastic” attitude reflecting a culture of consumerism and popular values – E.g. Michael Graves, Robert Stern, Arate Isozaki (it is an exaggerated expression of post modernism Regionalism Based on the language of the local traditions, and context – E.g. Antoine Predock Contemporary Vernacular Rejects “aesthetic anonymity of International Style Modernism” (Steele, 1997, p.226) in favor of traditional national styles – E.g. Hassan Fathy, Rasem Badran, Ricardo Legorreta (similar to regionalism)

Architectural Direction Aesthetic Imagery New Expressionism Structural expressionism (“relying upon the dynamic accentuation of elements of construction;” Curtis, 1996, p.661) – E.g. Santiago Calatrava Formal fragmentation (ambiguity by breaking normal conventions of form relationships) – E.g. Frank Gehry High-Tech Architecture Expression of technology that emulated product design – E.g. Richard Rogers, Norman Foster Classical Revival Reinterprets language of classical architecture in new forms and uses Computer Age Design Manipulation of form assisted by computer advancement – E.g. Zaha Hadid, Frank Gehry, Daniel Libeskind Ecological design / Sustainable architecture Relies on environmental and ecological principles of nature to derive aesthetic imagery by combining architecture with nature – E.g. Ken Yeang

Elements of DesignPrinciples of Design Line Shape Value Color Movement Size Pattern Unity Harmony Contrast Rhythm Repetition Gradation Balance Dominance / Emphasis Proportion Variety Aesthetic design principles and elements of design in art and architecture (Leland, 1990 & others) الوحدة التجانس التباين الايقاع التكرار التدرج التوازن السيطرة التأكيد الخط الشكل شدة الاضاءة اللون الحركة الحجم النمط عناصر التصميماسس التصميم النسب التنوع

Quantitative approach to aesthetics William Mitchell Christopher Alexander Quasi-Quantitative approach to aesthetics

Science of environmental aesthetics علم الجماليات البيئيه 3 Philosophical Metaphysical Psychoanalytical Behavioral / Psychological EMPIRICAL Speculative Sensory Aesthetics Formal Aesthetics Symbolic Aesthetics 12

Science of environmental aesthetics علم الجماليات البيئيه 3 EMPIRICAL Aesthetics Relies on scientific or quasi-scientific techniques in the analysis of the aesthetic experience Mostly relies on correlational analysis Measure the relationship between 2 or more variables that vary naturally or deliberately by manipulation Mostly focus on formal or structural aspects of objects (as independent variables) & people’s subjective feelings about them (as dependent variables)