1 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(1) Similarities and Differences in Particle Characteristics across Europe Jean-Philippe Putaud EC – DG Joint Research Centre Institute for Environment and Sustainability TFIAM – TFMM joint workshop on cost-effective control of urban air pollution

2 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(2) from TNO FEL (NL), Robles-Gonzalez et al., Geophys. Res. Lett., , London Dusseldorf Bruxelles Krakow Paris Wien Munchen Budapest Milano Beograd Aerosol optical depth at 555 nm in August 1997 measured from space

3 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(3)

4 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(4) PM10 mass concentration (µg/m³)

5 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(5) Dockery et al., N. Engl. J. Med. 329, 1753 (1993)

6 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(6) Relative Risk Athens Barcelona Basel Birmingham Budapest Krakow Erfurt Geneva Helsinki London Lyon Madrid Milan Paris Prague Rome Stockholm Tel Aviv Teplice Turin Zurich City-specific estimates (95% CL) of relative risk for mortality per 10 μg/m 3 increase in PM10 levels. Le Tertre et al., Risk Analysis, 25, , 2005 May such differences be due to different PM characteristics ?

7 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(7) In existing aerosol data bases: Very few datasets incl. more than just PM mass. e.g. EMEP regard areas with high population density Other short- or long-term datasets: cover various types of sites (from remote to kerbside) cannot be easily reached by “users”  A European Aerosol phenomenology: Synthetising in a single document aerosol datasets from various sources including PM mass concentrations and particle size distributions or chemical compositions.

8 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(8) downloaded 741 times

9 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(9)

10 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(10) Synthesising physical and chemical aerosol characteristics which may be relevant to: Aerosols and Health : Are there differences in particle characteristics which may explain differences in health effects? Aerosols and Climate : - Particles (and ozone) are two radiative forcing agents - synergies and trade-offs between climate change mitigation and air pollution abatement policies Aerosol Modelling Models need testing and validation against fundamental data such as aerosol particle size distributions and chemical compositions. E

11 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(11) natural rural near-city urban kerbside 34 sites full year data set seasonal data set

12 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(12) PM2.5 (µg/m³) PM mass concentration annual statistics PM10 (µg/m³) natural rural near-city urban kerbside

13 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(13)     PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations are correlated (R² = 0.95).PM2.5/PM10 ratios range from 0.57 to 0.85.

14 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(14) Median number size distribution in summer during the morning, afternoon and night periods

15 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(15) NaturalRuralNear-cityUrban Kerbside == <

16 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(16) natural rural near-city urban kerbside Any relationship between PM mass and particle number concentrations ? Marseille (F) Milano (I) Leipzig (D) London (GB)

17 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(17) PM2.5 annual average chemical composition natural rural near-city urban kerbside  

18 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(18) PMcoarse annual average chemical composition natural rural near-city urban kerbside  

19 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(19)

20 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(20) Some conclusions At a given site PM10 and PM2.5 are well correlated but PM2.5 / PM10 ranges from 0.55 to 0.85 NO useful correlation between PM mass and particle number concentrations same PM2.5 → particle number twice larger same particle number → PM2.5 three times larger PM chemical composition quite similar across Europe More differences between background and kerbside sites Secondary inorganics and POM vs. POM and dust (PM10) POM and EC (PM2.5)

21 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(21) Some comments Lots of relevant data sets are not included in this compilation The lack of harmonisation in sampling and analytical techniques makes comparisons between sites difficult. COST633 WG1 Task 2 COST633 WG1 Task 1 633

22 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(22) Make use of the COST633 action structure to - more systematically compile the existing aerosol data - assess comparability of various analytical methods Make the existing aerosol data available to a larger community through the WDCA Perspective: A European aerosol phenomenology – stage 2 633

23 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(23) Among parties 1. metadata have been provided by: GR, SI, AT, FI, ES, PT and HU (7) : comprehensive UK, DE, CZ, IT, FR and IS (5) : partial information 2. data have been reported by: AU, HU, GR, UK, DK, ES, FI, NL, NO, SI, and JRC (9+1)

24 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(24) Avoid wasting money for decreasing PM mass without effects on health impact Integrated assessment exercises are generally limited by data availability A consistent (temporal and spatial) monitoring effort is needed There is already a huge amount of data available across Europe but a lack of reporting to accessible data banks Attempts (COST Action TFMM PM assessment report) going on Final statements: THANKS !

25 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(25) Supplementary material 633

26 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(26) EMEP particulate matter data: Transboundary Particulate Matter in Europe: Status Report 2005

27 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(27) Variations in PM10 and PM10 components (µg/m³) over 20 years at IT04 (Ispra):

28 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(28)

29 Laxenburg, 16 Nov TFIAM-TFMM joint workshop(29) natural and rural background PM10 near-city and urban background kerbside PM2.5