Cold War 2 Review Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union
Who was President Nixon’s most important Secretary of State? Henry Kissinger
What was the relationship between the Soviet Union and communist China in the early 1970s? The Soviet Union and China were rivals for power.
With what country did President Nixon begin to establish formal diplomatic relations in 1972? Communist China
Who was the leader of communist China in 1972? Mao Zedong
What was the capital of communist China? Beijing
Who was the Soviet Union’s leader in 1972? Leonid Brezhnev
What was the capital of the Soviet Union? Moscow
What two countries were involved in the SALT talks? The United States and the Soviet Union
What does SALT stand for? Strategic Arms Limitation Talks
Name the Soviet-American discussions to establish limits on the number of nuclear weapons. The SALT talks
Name the first treaty to establish limits on the number of nuclear weapons held by the United States and the Soviet Union. The SALT Treaty
What two factors caused the Soviet Union’s collapse? Internal and external pressures
What Republican became president in 1981? Ronald Reagan
What American president called the Soviet Union “the evil empire”? Ronald Reagan
What was the basis of President Reagan’s defense policy? A massive military buildup
What was the effect of President Reagan’s military buildup on American relations with the Soviet Union? It increased tension between the United States and the Soviet Union.
What action did President Reagan take in Western Europe during his first term? Reagan placed new nuclear missiles in Western Europe.
How did the renewal of the arms race with the United States affect the Soviet Union during President Reagan’s presidency? It forced the Soviet Union to increase its military budget to keep up with the United States.
What was the state of the communist economy in the Soviet Union during the early 1980s? Inefficient
Who became the leader of the Soviet Union in 1985? This leader was known for the policies of “Glasnost” and “Perestroika.” Mikhail Gorbachev
What was the two-fold purpose of Gorbachev’s new policies? 1) Revive the Soviet economy 2) Reform the Soviet system
What is the Russian word for openness? Glasnost
Name Gorbachev’s policy of encouraging freedom of expression in the Soviet Union. Glasnost
What Russian word referred to restructuring Soviet society? Perestroika
What types of economic and political changes did Gorbachev want to occur in Soviet society? 1) Less government control over the economy; 2) Some private enterprise; 3) Steps toward democracy
What type of restructuring did Perestroika do? Economic restructuring
What expectations did Gorbachev’s new policies raise among the Soviet people? 1) Higher standard of living; 2) Increased freedom
How did Gorbachev’s reforms affect the Soviet system? They placed more internal pressure on communism.
With what movement did Gorbachev have to deal inside the Soviet Unon? Nationalism in the Soviet republics
What were the two sources of external pressure on the Soviet government under Gorbachev? 1) East European satellites; 2) President Reagan
What countries were Soviet satellites after World War II? The countries of Eastern Europe
What does one call a nation that is formally independent, but dominated by another power? A satellite
What was the name of the revolutionary labor movement in Poland during the 1980s? The Solidarity movement
Who said, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall”? President Ronald Reagan
What structure divided East Berlin from West Berlin during the Cold War? The Berlin Wall
What was the best known symbol of the Cold War? The Berlin Wall
What was the communist part of Berlin during the Cold War? East Berlin
What was the democratic part of Berlin during the Cold War? West Berlin
What government built the Berlin Wall? East Germany
Why was the Berlin Wall built? To prevent people from escaping from communist East Berlin to democratic West Berlin
What happened to the Berlin Wall in 1989? It was torn down.
What happened in Germany in 1990? East Germany and West Germany reunited under the democratic West German government.
What happened to the Soviet Union in 1991? It fell apart or collapsed.
What were the three Baltic republics? Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
What action did the Baltic republics take in 1991? They declared their independence from the Soviet Union.
What precedent did the Baltic republics set in 1991? Other Soviet republics declared their independence from the Soviet Union.
What political party was dismantled in the Soviet Union in 1991? The Soviet communist party
What action did Gorbachev take on Christmas Day, 1991? He resigned and declared the Soviet Union had ended.
What war, which began in 1945, ended by the end of 1991? The Cold War