THE BEGINNING OF THE 20TH CENTURY CRISIS: WAR AND REVOLUTION

In Flanders fields the poppies blow Between the crosses, row on row, That mark our place; and in the sky The larks, still bravely singing, fly Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow, Loved and were loved, and now we lie In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe: To you from failing hands we throw The torch; be yours to hold it high. If ye break faith with us who die We shall not sleep, though poppies grow In Flanders fields.

1. What were two of the three long-range underlying forces that led to WW I? 2. What was the specific event in SARAJEVO in June 1914 that started World War I? 3. Who gave the “BLANK CHECK” to who? 4. What was the SCHLIEFFEN PLAN? 5. Why did Britain enter the war against Germany?

1. COMPETITION STATES, COLONIAL AND COMERCIAL RIVALRY, NATIONALISM, INTERNAL PROBLEMS 2. ASSASSINATION OF ARCHDUKE FRANZ FERDINAND 3. GERMANY/KAISER GAVE THE BLANK CHECK TO AUSTRIA 4. KNOCK OUT FRANCE FIRST THEN DEAL WITH RUSSIA 5. GERMANY VIOLATION OF BELGIAN NEUTRALITY

1. Competition between states not cooperation 2. Colonial competition 3. Commercial competition 4. Brinksmanship 5. Nationalism 6. Internal problems and dissent

 Belief that military power was the most important thing  the military is always right  Growth of mass armies  Conscription  Mobilization plans  Military eagerness and inflexibility

 The rulers of Germany, France, Russia, Austria- Hungary, and the United Kingdom attempting to keep the lid on the simmering cauldron of imperialist and nationalist tensions in the Balkans to prevent a general European war. They were successful in 1912 and 1913 but did not succeed in 1914.

 Balkans = the powder keg of Europe  Austria v. Russia  Austria v. Serbia  The assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand in June 1914  SARAJEVO in Bosnia-Herzegovina  GAVRIL PRINCIP  THE BLACK HAND

 Austria goes to Germany to get permission to punish Serbia  Germany says do what you want  we will back you!

 Mobilization = getting your army equipped, organized, and moving towards the enemy  The military philosophy of the time said  mobilize now!!!  you will have the advantage over your enemy

 The problem for Germany  a two front war France in the West Russia in the East  Knock out France 1 st then big slow Russia

1. Assassination of Franz Ferdinand – June Austria ultimatum to Serbia – July Austria declares war on Serbia – July Russia mobilizes its army – July German ultimatum to Russia – July Germany declares war on Russia – August 1 7. Germany declares war on France – August 3 8. German troops invade Belgium – August 4 9. Britain declares war on Germany – August 4