Estimating the Capacity of the Klamath Basin to Rear Coho Technical Memorandum #5 Nicklaus K. Ackerman Thomas E. Nickelson Boedicea P. Fox Ron Sutton Steven P. Cramer

Model Reaches

HLFM Version 6.1 Habitat Limiting Factors Model

Estimate parr and smolt capacity based on aquatic inventory data. Determine the life stage habitat that limits smolt production. Purpose of Model

Seasonal Habitat Use

Winter Habitat Data Missing Winter parr/km = 0.19S C P -1, Where: W = winter parr/km. S = summer parr/km as estimated by HLFM. C = average active channel width of the reach (m). P = percent of stream area in alcoves and beaver ponds.

Estimating Summer Parr Capacity EF Lobster Cr. 1988–92 Br. 0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20, Female spawners/km Number of summer parr

Estimating Smolt Capacity EF Lobster 88 – 92 Broods

Parr Summer Rearing Densities (parr/m 2 ) in HLFM Version 6.1 Stream segment wetted width (m) Habitat Type <1010–<2020–<30>30 Cascades Rapids Riffles Glides Trench Pools Plunge Pools Lateral Scour Pools Mid-channel Scour Pools Dam Pools Alcoves0.92 Beaver Ponds1.84 Backwaters1.18

Estimating Parr Capacity of the Mainstem

River mile Temperature (°C) Simulated water temperatures downstream of IGD: Mean of July 3–9, 2001

River mile Temperature (°C) Refuge Dependent Habitat Flow Temperature Dependent

Estimating Capacity in IGD–Shasta Reach Hypothetical Scenario WeekMean QMean TQ ScalarT ScalarK 1-Jul2, ,447 8-Jul2, , Jul1, , Jul1, , Jul1, ,979 5-Aug1, , Aug1, , Aug , Aug ,235 2-Sep ,776 9-Sep , Sep , Sep ,055 K = min (Base*Scalar Q *Scalar T )

Habitat and Capacity IGD–Shasta Reach at ~830cfs Channel Unit TypeLength Sum of Unit CapacityParr/mParr/m 2 PRIMARYPOOL23,0533, RAPID2, RIFFLE33, SIDE CHANNELGLIDE POOL4,2463, RIFFLE8, SPLITPOOL RIFFLE3, TOTAL75,6907,

Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Insect Drift Related to Velocity, Uvas Creek (Smith & Li 1982) Velocity (cm sec -1 ) Relative insect drift (Mayfly equivalents h -1 )

Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Focal Velocity vs. Temperature, Rainbow Trout (Smith & Li 1982) Water temperature ( o C) Focal point velocity (cm sec -1 )

Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Juvenile Coho Rearing and Temperature – Oregon Coast

Effect of Temperature on Capacity: Capacity Scaling Function Capacity Scalar

Effect of Flow on Capacity: USGS/USFWS Study Sites

Effect of Flow on Capacity: Velocity Suitability Curve

Effect of Flow on Capacity: Depth Suitability Curve

Effect of Flow on Capacity: Suitability indices by cover type Cover TypeWDF StudyTrinityCoho IMF No cover —— 0.05 Filamentous Algae —— 0.05 Non-emergent rooted aquatic vegetation1.00 a 0.38 b 0.70 Grass/sedge/herbaceous plant0.10 c — 0.10 a Termed in this study: submerged vegetation. b Termed in this study: aquatic vegetation. c Termed in this study: grasses/bushes on bank.

Flow/WUA Relationship IGD–Shasta River Q Sc = 0.46*Q SMc +0.50*Q SSc +0.04*Q SSp

Flow Scalar for Capacity Mainstem flow (cfs) Capacity scalar

Hypothetical Scenario—Flow and Temperature Combined Effect

Estimating Smolt Capacity of the Mainstem Below the Shasta

Identify location of tributary confluence Estimating Refuge Capacity If tributary enters at transition between 2 units (i.e. the top or bottom of a unit) sum capacity of each unit. If tributary enters a riffle/rapid, include unit below, unless unit below is a riffle/rapid and unit above is a pool, then include the pool. If tributary enters a pool, include unit above unless another pool is below.

Estimating Refuge Capacity

Summer Capacity of Thermal Refugia by Reach and Population PopulationModel reach# Refugia Parr capacity Upper KlamathKlamath Mainstem 1 00 Klamath Mainstem Klamath Mainstem Subtotal9845 Mid KlamathKlamath Mainstem 4 337,834 Klamath Mainstem 5 122,302 Subtotal4510,136 Lower KlamathKlamath Mainstem 6 71,761 Subtotal71,761 Total6112,742

Estimating Smolt Capacity of Tributaries

Length of Habitat by Historic Population & Percentage with the 21.5°C Temperature Mask

Mid Klamath Distribution & Temperature Mask

Habitat Length Surveyed by Historic Population Compared to Total Habitat Available without the 21.5°C Mask

Estimating Stream Smolt Capacity Estimate summer parr capacity and winter smolt capacity for surveyed reaches using HLFM. Extrapolate capacities from surveyed reaches to unsurveyed reaches. Where possible, identify streams with high temperatures and apply temperature scalar and 45% survival to summer parr capacity to reduce smolt capacity.

Extrapolation from Surveyed Reaches to Unsurveyed Reaches Survey data available & ACW of surveyed and unsurveyed reaches similar (> or < 10m): – Apply the capacity of the surveyed reach to the unsurveyed reaches. – If multiple reaches surveyed, apply average capacities of surveyed reaches.

Extrapolation from Surveyed Reaches to Unsurveyed Reaches Survey data unavailable or ACW of surveyed and unsurveyed reaches dissimilar: – Apply average capacity of surveyed reaches of similar size for the historic population.

Average Capacities of Surveyed Reaches by Historic Population ACW <10m ACW >10m PopulationParr/kmSmolts/km Parr/kmSmolts/km Lower Klamath3, , Middle Klamath3, , Upper Klamath1, , Trinity2, , Salmon2, , Scott1, ,800780

Mid Klamath Distribution & Surveyed Reaches

Predicted Smolt Capacity by Historic Population

Capacity in most of mainstem is limited to thermal refugia. Conclusions: Between IGD and Shasta River, capacity can be influenced by flow management. Juvenile capacity of the entire basin is roughly 1.7 million smolts. IP Database used to define distribution appears liberal in assigning potential habitat. Capacity estimates of tributaries could be improved with: – – Better understanding of potential distribution – – Updated stream surveys with a regionally consistent protocol – – Winter stream habitat surveys – – Expanded temperature monitoring

Flow Scalar for Capacity