Italy’s Political Decline ( )

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Presentation transcript:

Italy’s Political Decline (1494-1527) Treaty of Lodi (1454-1455) created a balance of power among the city-states of Italy Allied Milan, Naples, and Florence to check the power of Venice and Papal States Worked together against foreign invaders

The French Invasion Lodi shattered in 1494Naples prepared to attack Milan Ludovico il Moro (Milan) invited Charles VIII of France to lead the French troops against Naples to reclaim former lands (1266-1435) French invaded in 1494 and forced Florence, Naples, and the Papal states into concession

The pope and Venice persuaded King Ferdinand of Aragon (Spain) to come help resist the French 1490s-1590sItaly became a battleground in a war for supremacy between European monarchs May 6, 1527, Spanish and German troops' sacking Rome that for two decades all but ended the role of the Papacy as the largest patron of Renaissance art and architecture Ultimately led to the suppression and end of the Renaissance in Italy leads to Italian political decline & Habsburg-Valois (Spanish-French) wars of first half 16th c., all French losses

Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527)

Machiavelli: A Method of Power The struggle between pope and the Holy Roman emperor had left Italy politically shattered while Spain, France, and England under the guidance of shrewd rulers, developed powerful states. Machiavelli, a Florentine bureaucrat and diplomat, was deeply conscious of Italian disunity He analyzed the methods of a great ruler in his infamous, The Prince

Machiavelli’s View convinced by chaos of foreign invasions that Italian political unity & independence were ends justifying any means concluded only a strongman could impose order on a divided & selfish people (Italians) admirer of Roman rulers & citizens virtù: ability to act heroically & decisively for the good of one’s country

The Prince (1513): recommends temporary use of fraud & brutality to achieve Italian unity; hoped for strong ruler from the Medici family NM hopes were not achieved when Emperor Charles V of Spain sacked Rome in 1527, the year of Machiavelli’s death

The French Invasions (1494–1527) Pope Alexander VI: corrupt member of Borgia family, children Cesare & Lucrezia Louis XII (r. 1498–1515): allies with Alexander and takes Milan & part of Naples Pope Julius II: “warrior pope” drives French out again Francis I (r. 1515–1547): third French invasion