3. Objectives Explain the background that led to the rise of the Renaissance. Discuss both the political and economic aspects of the Renaissance. Describe Renaissance society.*

4. 3 Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Economics Revival of trade: 11th century Improved agricultural techniques Population increase New trade routes Improved transportation* A Renaissance- era moneychanger

5. 4 Setting the Stage for the Renaissance: Politics City-states Communes New economic elite Oligarchies and dictatorships Condottieri* A group of condottieri

6. Italian City-States Italian city-states suffered from internal and external conflict. They vied with each other economically They fought over territory when one city-state sought to expand*

7. Italian City-States They went to war with one another when one city- state seemed to become too powerful. They also competed by trying to outdo the other in terms of cultural achievement.*

8. Why in Italy at this Time? Revival of Commerce and Town Building was more intense in Italy Feudalism had less of a grip on Italy Two competing lords for control of Italy were losing influence Presence of antiquity was stronger in Italy than elsewhere in Europe*

9. European Economic Recovery Dramatic recovery of European commerce Important industries flourish in Northern Italy The significance of printing and mining as new industries The fifteenth-century banking empire of the Medici family in Florence*

10. Renaissance Economics Profit-making became more important than Church doctrine To overcome guilt, profit-makers indulge in philanthropy Influence of guilds declining High profits led to economic diversification*

11. Renaissance Economics “Cottage Industry” Art became the way to advertise economic success Intensified commercial competition created the need to be efficient*

12. Renaissance Society Renaissance is an elitist historical phenomenon Northern Italy was urban and commercial while Southern Italy mostly was not Very family-oriented society Marriages were frequently arranged to strengthen business ties*

13. Renaissance Society Father’s authority over his family Some wealthy women played an important role in Italian city- states --Isabella d’Este of Mantua Concentration of wealth among great families*

14. Renaissance Society Extreme social stratification divided into factions around the wealthiest families Poor increasingly attempting to improve their social status --The Ciompi Revolt (1378) -- “populo minuto” “The Cult of the Individual”*

15. Renaissance Society Number of portraits painted during this era illustrates focus on the individual A true nobleman Growing humanism and secularism in a Christian context Focus on man’s free will Rewards for living excellently came in this life*

16. Renaissance Politics Same pattern and problems as those of the Greek city-states Inter-city warfare led to new advances in diplomacy -- “balance of power” Northern Italian “communes” The Peace of Lodi (1454)*

17. Renaissance Politics Renaissance Politics Rome, Venice, Milan, Florence, and the Kingdom of Naples Renaissance Venice Renaissance Florence --Lorenzo the Magnificent (1449- 1492) 1300’s republicanism became 1400’s despotism—with the exception of Venice*

18. Renaissance Politics Niccolo Machiavelli (1469-1527) -- “The Prince” The goal of the prince must be power Cynical view of human nature Fear is a better motivator than affection Politics as the art of deception*

19. Renaissance Politics Ancient and contemporary examples of effective political leaders --Cesare Borgia A new realism in political thought 1400’s “Civic” humanism Leonardo Bruni’s The New Cicero Henry VIII as a Renaissance prince*

20. Papal Politics During the Renaissance Pope Alexander VIPope Julius IIPope Sixtus IV

21. Rome and the Papal States Renaissance popes: both religious and political leaders During the Renaissance, the Papacy became more political and secular.* A distant view of Vatican City in Rome

22. Pope Sixtus IV (1471 – 1484) Member of the della Rovere family  Favoritism towards relatives  Pazzi conspiracy  Encouraged Venice to attack Ferrara*

23. 22 Pope Alexander VI (1492 – 1503) Member of the Borgia family One of the most corrupt and immoral popes Put his son Cesare in charge of papal armies*

24. Pope Julius II (1503 – 1513) Member of the della Rovere family The “warrior pope”  Restored territories in Romagna, Perugia, and Bologna to the Papal States  Orchestrated wars against Venice and France*

25. Close