Geography of Gender

Frontline Videos about Women- BELLWORK 11/20 /07/introduction_to.html /12/pakistan_this_i.html

Demography and Health Longevity Gap: gap between life expectancy India and Pakistan: women live longer Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan: men live longer (WHY?) Sub-Saharan Africa: women die younger due to AIDS Global Norm: women outlive men Europe:7 years, Russia: 12 South Am.:7 Sub-Saharan Africa: 2 East and Southeast Asia: 4 South Asia: 1

Helpful statistics and graphics to use in your classroom

Maternal Mortality: Who uses birth control? Maternal Mortality rate: poorer realms is 80 to 600 times greater, pregnant health risks, South Asia 650 per 100,000 maternal deaths, African women same European women: 3 per 100,000 Why? Inadequate medical services Excessive number of pregnancies Malnutrition 250,000 women die of illegal abortions in Africa WHO: World Health Organization says women suffer from anemia, can’t get 3 times iron during pregnancy… GEOPHAGY

Maternal mortality

Female Infanticide India: 133 single men per 100 women Prenatal Gender Detection: ultrasound and amniocentesis, July 1994, Federal Law prohibiting pre-natal tests solely to determine sex of the fetus..male relatives push -want family lineage preserved -Hindu society oldest son lights the funeral pyre of the father -tradition of dowry: families receive payments from the bride’s parents Black market emerged for prenatal testing Highest in rural, poor sectors Dowry Deaths: father doesn’t pay the bride price to son-in- law’s parents and they kill the bride. 1989: 2,436

China one child policy 10 million men remain single in 30s, no women -gender detection tests, then abortions -food deprivation -denial of medical care -abandonment and murder -sold for prostitution Strict policy in urban areas so infanticide highest there.. More relaxed in rural areas to help with agriculture

Female Genitalia Mutilation (FGM) 2 million girls under the age of 11 every year -infection -infertility -increased difficulties in childbirth Africa, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Central and South America Somalia: 70-90% subjected to FGM Ancient ritual designed to: -ensure the virginity and suitability of women for marriage -to control women’s attitude toward sex

Family Courts Act: for domestic disputes -old men judges believe in male dominated society -believe in Hindu belief in family and place abused women back into the home

Islamic Law -resurgence of fundamentalism -severe Sharia Laws -can’t go without veils or move without men Afghanistan under the Taliban: -no girls in schools -traditional clothing -no music, no celebrations -women stoned for adultery -women couldn’t hold jobs

Education and Opportunity 65-75% of Indian women are illiterate West Africa, women control the markets, rest of Africa, women do not go to school….FEES Girls work with mothers 12 hours a day -collecting firewood -collecting water -weeding fields (subsistence farming) WOMEN Produce 40% of the world’s food Women work 80% on plantations and farms in SubSaharan Africa and 50 % in Asia

Work –Maquiladoras: mostly women workers -more dependable than men -nimble fingers Most poor women in the world work in the “informal Market” or “informal sector” -making soap -cooking food -beer brewing -tailoring ©Valerie Morgan Mervine

Women Everywhere: Job Discrimination Occupational Segregation Wage Inequalities

Gender: Biology and Social Situation Migration: Forced migration, women suffer with struggle for survival in refugee camps Voluntary migration: men form social networks, dominate decisions Education and Economic Development Reduce inequalities between the sexes. Women in urban situations have made progress: higher wages, better jobs Exception: Saudi Arabia: oil- rich, high-income society… women were just recently allowed to drive

Gender Inequality Index

Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

Economic Indicator: Income

Female professional and technical workers Female to male income

Political Indicators Seats in Parliaments/National Legislatures Administrators and Managers

Microcredit Micro-lending What is the goal of providing a micro-loan? SUSTAINABILITY!! Providing for the current situation and for future generations.

Grameen Bank: 16 Decisions

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