1. Geography of Gender

2. Demography and Health Longevity Gap: gap between life expectancy
India and Pakistan: women live longer
Bangladesh, Nepal, Afghanistan: men live longer (WHY?)
Sub-Saharan Africa: women die younger due to AIDS
Global Norm: women outlive men
Europe:7 years,
Russia: 12
South Am.:7
Sub-Saharan Africa: 2
East and Southeast Asia: 4
South Asia: 1

3. http://www. worldmapper. org/posters/worldmapper_map265_ver5
Helpful statistics and graphics to use in your classroom

5. Maternal Mortality: Who uses birth control?
Maternal Mortality rate: poorer realms is 80 to 600 times greater, pregnant health risks, South Asia 650 per 100,000 maternal deaths, African women same
European women: 3 per 100,000
Why? Inadequate medical services
Excessive number of pregnancies
Malnutrition
250,000 women die of illegal abortions in Africa
WHO: World Health Organization says women suffer from anemia, can’t get 3 times iron during pregnancy… GEOPHAGY

6. Maternal mortality

7. Female Infanticide India: 133 single men per 100 women
Prenatal Gender Detection: ultrasound and amniocentesis, July 1994, Federal Law prohibiting pre-natal tests solely to determine sex of the fetus..male relatives push
-want family lineage preserved
-Hindu society oldest son lights the funeral pyre of the father
-tradition of dowry: families receive payments from the bride’s parents
Black market emerged for prenatal testing
Highest in rural, poor sectors
Dowry Deaths: father doesn’t pay the bride price to son-in-law’s parents and they kill the bride.
1989: 2,436

8. China one child policy 10 million men remain single in 30s, no women
-gender detection tests, then abortions
-food deprivation
-denial of medical care
-abandonment and murder
-sold for prostitution
Strict policy in urban areas so infanticide highest there.. More relaxed in rural areas to help with agriculture

9. Female Genitalia Mutilation (FGM)
2 million girls under the age of 11 every year
-infection
-infertility
-increased difficulties in childbirth
Africa, Southeast Asia, Middle East, Central and South America
Somalia: 70-90% subjected to FGM
Ancient ritual designed to:
-ensure the virginity and suitability of women for marriage
-to control women’s attitude toward sex

10. Family Courts Act: for domestic disputes
-old men judges believe in male dominated society
-believe in Hindu belief in family and place abused women back into the home

11. Islamic Law -resurgence of fundamentalism -severe Sharia Laws
-can’t go without veils or move without men
Afghanistan under the Taliban:
-no girls in schools
-traditional clothing
-no music, no celebrations
-women stoned for adultery
-women couldn’t hold jobs

12. Education and Opportunity
65-75% of Indian women are illiterate
West Africa, women control the markets, rest of Africa, women do not go to school….FEES
Girls work with mothers 12 hours a day
-collecting firewood
-collecting water
-weeding fields
(subsistence farming)
WOMEN Produce 40% of the world’s food
Women work 80% on plantations and farms in SubSaharan Africa and 50% in Asia

13. Work Maquiladoras: mostly women workers -more dependable than men
-nimble fingers
Most poor women in the world work in the “informal Market” or “informal sector”
-making soap
-cooking food
-beer brewing
-tailoring
©Valerie Morgan Mervine

14. Occupational Segregation
Women Everywhere:
Job Discrimination
Occupational Segregation
Wage Inequalities

15. Gender: Biology and Social Situation
Migration: Forced migration, women suffer with struggle for survival in refugee camps
Voluntary migration: men form social networks, dominate decisions
Education and Economic Development Reduce inequalities between the sexes.
Women in urban situations have made progress: higher wages, better jobs
Exception: Saudi Arabia: oil-rich, high-income society… women were just recently allowed to drive

16. Development by gender: How is it measured?
Gender-Related Development Index
2. Gender Empowerment Measure
Who creates these indexes?
UNHD

17. Gender-Related Development Index 4 factors similar to the HDI
Economic:
average income
2. Social Indicators:
-literacy levels
-education
(school attendance)
3. Demographic:
Life expectancy

18. Gender-Related Development Index (GDI)

19. Economic Indicator: Income

20. Gender-Related Development Index

21. -The rank of the Netherlands remained the same. (0)
-The rank of Belgium is #7 but the HDI rank is #6. (-1)
-The rank of Iceland is #6 but the HDI rank is #7. (1)
-The rank of Japan is #12 but the HDI rank is 9. (-3)
Why would a country drop in rank from the HDI?

22. Nepal: GDI ,
What do can you tell about
Women in Nepal?
-Women and men have the
same life expectancy. Why?
-Only a small % of women can
read compared to their
enrollment in school. Why?
-Women make less money
than men. Why?
-What does the last figure mean?

23. China: GDI What can you tell about the women in China?
,571 5,
What can you tell about
the women in China?
-Life expectancy is more
consistent with the global trend
-Almost equal numbers of each
sex attend school, although low
-Literacy rate is high but lower
for females compared to males
-Males have a higher income
compared to women, consistent
with the global pattern

24. Gender Empowerment Measure How is it measured?
The GEM demonstrates the ability of women to participate and determine the power structure of a country
2 Economic indicators:
-% of women in professional and technical jobs
-income level
2 Political indicators:
-% of women in admin or managerial jobs
-% of women holding elected positions

25. GEM: Economic Indicators
Female professional and technical workers
Female to male income

26. Gender Empowerment Measure

27. Political Indicators Seats in Parliaments/National Legislatures
Administrators and Managers

28. Nepal: GEM
No data A
Due to lack of data on the GEM,
Data was found on the Political
Participation Index

29. China: GEM E
Data for China can be combined from the GEM and the Political Participation index to discuss the political power of women compared to men in China.

30. GDI and GEM of an MDC: Sweden
, ,
When comparing Nepal and China to Sweden, what differences can you detect?

31. What is the goal of providing a micro-loan?
Microcredit
Micro-lending
What is the goal of providing a
micro-loan?
SUSTAINABILITY!!
Providing for the current situation and for future generations.

32. Grameen Bank: 16 Decisions

33. http://www.izzit.org/ To receive a free video called “Pennies a Day” about micro-lending

34. NGO: Non-Governmental Organization

36. Frontline Videos about Women

37. More Frontline Videos

39. Conclusions
-Just like the HDI, the GDI and GEM divide countries into high, medium, and low areas of development.
-Cultural norms can control the advancement or subjugation of women and their status in certain regions of the world.
-Gender inequality in income, education, and political power is a global problem.

40. Sources
Rubenstein, James M. (2008). An introduction to human geography The cultural landscape. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
de Blij, H.J., Murphy, ALexander B. & Fouberg, Erin H., Human geography, People, place, and culture. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc..
Jordan-Bychkov, Terry G. & Domosh, Mona, (2003). The human mosaic, A thematic introduction to cultural geography. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman and Company.
Knox, Paul L. & Marston, Sallie A., (2007). Human geography, Places and regions in global context. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall
Retrieved October 11, 2007, Web site:
Retrieved October 11, 2007, Web site:
Benewick, Robert, & Donald, Stephanie H. (2005). The State of
China Atlas. Berkeley: University of California Press.