Function Names of Bones Types of Bones Bones and Sport The Skeleton Function Names of Bones Types of Bones Bones and Sport

The Skeleton The Function of the Skeleton The Name of the Bones What you will learn about in this section: The Function of the Skeleton The Name of the Bones The Different Shapes of Bones How Bones Help the Sportsperson Bones Linked With Sporting Actions

Functions of the Skeleton What is the skeleton? The Skeleton is a framework of bones that is held together by ligaments and joints.

Movement The joints of the skeleton, where two or more bones come together, allows some movement depending upon the type of joint and the types of bone. These variations will determine the kind of movement there can be.

Protection The skeleton forms protection around some of the more delicate organs of the body. Eg: the skull protects the brain, the ribs protect the heart and lungs.

Shape The skeleton gives us our general shape; tall, short, broad or narrow. (Look around you and compare your structure)

Support The skeleton provides the body with a rigid structure that gives it its shape. Muscles are attached to the skeletons outside while the vital organs are attached to the inside.

Blood Production Red and white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a substance found inside the larger bones of the body. These are necessary for fighting disease and transporting oxygen around the body.

What were the functions again....?

Names of major bones in the skeleton Look at the upper body first (remember the ulna is under the radius)! Lower body (the tibia is on top of the fibula)

Bones – Knowledge Test Match these bones to the picture: Metacarpals Sacrum Patella Metatarsals Humerus Radius Pelvis Sternum Tibia Clavicle Femur Fibula Carpals Phalanges Ulna Vertebrae Scapula Tarsals Cranium Mandible

There are two parts to the skeleton axial skeleton appendicular skeleton

The Axial Skeleton This consists of: The skull: 8 flat bones that fuse together over time. The vertebral column or spine: 24 movable vertebrae and two groups of fused vertebrae. The rib cage: 12 pairs of ribs (protect vital organs & part of the breathing mechanism).

The Appendicular Skeleton Made up from the pelvic girdle and the shoulder girdle. Both these girdles are quite rigid but they are attached to legs and arms that are free to move.

The Different Shapes of Bones There are four types of bone and each type is given a name dependant of its shape or size. Type of Bone Example Long Bones Arms, legs, hands (metacarpals), feet (metatarsals), phalanges Short Bones Hands (carpals), feet (tarsals) Flat Bones Skull, shoulder blade, sternum, ribs, pelvis, clavicle (collar bone) Irregular Bones Vertebrae, knee, jaw bone, cheek bone

Types of Bones & Sport Long bones; long to create leverage when playing sport. Can you give examples of a sport where long bones would benefit the sports performer? Long bones help to generate speed, force and power.

Long limbs are an advantage in Volleyball

Question What other bones are long bones an advantage for? See if you and a partner can list 5 other sports. Basketball, rowing, netball – goal shoot/defence, tennis, cricket – bowler, boxing.

Flat Bones These are tough and are designed to withstand hard impact. In a game of rugby which areas of the body would need to withstand a tackle/fall/scrum?

Short Bones Short bones; fine movement eg: putting spin on a ball in cricket, these bones help make small adjustments and are very important. Name 2 other sports where fine movements are critical for the success of a particular sport.

Irregular Bones Irregular bones; act as shock absorbers (especially on the back and the knee). Give an example of a sport where irregular bones are used to assist with the absorption of shock on the body.