Foundations of Social Media RTV 453

Legacy media vs. new media  Is Social Media a new form of media?  Is Interactive Media a different new form of media?  Is Cloud Computing related to where ‘digital media’ is going?  Will there be newspapers in 50 years?  Radio? TV channels? Movies? Plays being performed?  Will the ‘marketplace of goods’ be replaced by ‘information exchange’?  Will ‘high culture’ disappear?

What is Social Media?  Origin of computers (next pages)  Abacus, analytical engine (1800s), electronic computing (1900s)  Origin of the Internet  Sputnik, Pentagon / ARPA, legislation, hardware & software  Origin of personal computers (1960s-70s)  Next page  Virtual realities?  Change from tool for calculating to tool for communicating

History of Computers - Long, Long Ago  beads on rods to count and calculate!

History of Computers - Way Back When Slide Rule 1630 based on Napier’s rules for logarithms used until 1970s

History of Computers - 19th Century  Joseph Marie Jacquard  First stored program - metal cards  Did no computing  first computer manufacturing  still in use

Charles Babbage  Difference Engine c.1822  huge calculator, never finished  Analytical Engine 1833  could store numbers  calculating “mill” used punched metal cards for instructions  powered by steam!  accurate to six decimal places  Inspiration for Herman Hollerith for 1890 census

Vacuum Tubes  First Generation Electronic Computers used Vacuum Tubes  Vacuum tubes are glass tubes with circuits inside.  Vacuum tubes have no air inside of them, which protects the circuitry.

UNIVAC –  first fully electronic digital computer built in the U.S.  Created at the University of Pennsylvania  contained 18,000 vacuum tubes  Cost $487,000  ENIAC that preceded it (late 1940s) weighed 30 tons

Grace Hopper ( )  Programmed UNIVAC  Recipient of Computer Science’s first “Man of the Year Award”  First compiler for a computer programming language, led to COBOL

First Transistor  Used Silicon (semiconductor)  developed in 1948  won a Nobel prize  on-off switch  2nd Generation Computers used Transistors, starting in 1956

Second Generation –  1956 – Computers began to incorporate Transistors  Replaced vacuum tubes with Transistors  Beginning process of making computers smallers  ‘transistor radios’ in the 1950 made music portable

Integrated Circuits  Third Generation Computers used Integrated Circuits (chips).  Integrated Circuits are transistors, resistors, and capacitors integrated together into a single “chip”  First one made by Texas Instruments in 1958

Third Generation –   Integrated Circuit  Operating System  Getting smaller, cheaper

The First Microprocessor – 1971  The 4004 had 2,250 transistors  four-bit chunks (four 1’s or 0’s)  108Khz  Called “Microchip”

What is a Microchip?  Very Large Scale Integrated Circuit (VLSIC)  Transistors, resistors, and capacitors  4004 had 2,250 transistors  Pentium IV had 42 MILLION transistors  Each transistor 0.13 microns (10 -6 meters)

4 th Generation – began 1971  MICROCHIPS!  Getting smaller and smaller, but we are still using microchip technology

Birth of Personal Computers  256 byte memory (not Kilobytes or Megabytes)  2 MHz Intel 8080 chips  Just a box with flashing lights  cost $395 kit, $495 assembled.

Over the past 50 years, the Electronic Computer has evolved rapidly. Connections:  Which evolved from the other, which was an entirely new creation  vacuum tube  integrated circuit  transistor  microchip

Evolution of Computer Electronics Vacuum Tube Transistor Integrated Circuit Microchip (VLSIC)

Evolution of Electronics  Vacuum Tube – a dinosaur without a modern lineage  Transistor  Integrated Circuit  Microchip  Another major development in recent years  Flash memory

First Mass Market PC

IBM PC  IBM-Intel-Microsoft joint venture  First wide-selling personal computer used in business  8088 Microchip - 29,000 transistors  4.77 Mhz processing speed  256 K RAM (Random Access Memory) standard  One or two floppy disk drives  Open architecture (except ROM BIOS)

Apple Computers  Founded 1977  Apple II released 1977  widely used in schools  Macintosh (left)  released in 1984, Motorola Microchip processor  first commercial computer with graphical user interface (GUI) and pointing device (mouse)  First GUI: Xerox PARC

Today’s chips in PCs  Traditionally Intel divides the Core platform into three segments--Core i3 at the low end, Core i5 for the midrange, and Core i7 at the high end.  Following that designation is a model number. You may also see a suffix at the end of the model number: K for unlocked processors, S for “performance-optimized” processors, or T for “power-optimized” processors.

21 st Century Computing  Great increases in speed, storage, and memory  Increased networking, speed in Internet  Broadband growth  Netbooks / iPad / tablets  Smart Phones  Impact of touch technology  3G to 4G (3-5 Mbps / 8-10 Mbps)

What’s next for computers?  Use your imagination to come up with what the coming years hold for computers.  What can we expect in two years?  What can we expect in twenty years?  Voice interface?  Cloud computing growth  True ubiquity?  Interface among almost all devices?  Smart cars, smart electronics, etc.

What is Social Media?  Fad or future?  IPO Facebook failure  Decline of Apple shares  How do you pay the bills?  How do you meet life’s basic needs?  Media jobs: content creation, distribution, sales  New media jobs? ??????

Before the Internet rolled out  Electronic Bulletin Boards  CompuServe  America Online  The WELL  Early ‘chat rooms’  Hypertext  Vannevar Bush first proposed the basics of hypertext in 1945  Tim Berners-Lee et al in 1990: html, WWW  Multimedia

The early web pages  Public Relations extension  Like a magazine (text and words)  shovelware

Users (audience)  Just like newspapers, magazines, radio TV …  An audience (market) exists  Are YOU trying to reach them with your content?  Or, is another company trying to reach them based on this form of ‘content distribution’?

Components of the social media  Chit-chat  Sharing  Commenting  Wikis  UGC  Everyone has a voice  Technologically-replaced intermediation (Second Life)

Predicting the future  Anthropology and Sociology Anthropology  But what’s next?  The Machine is Using Us The Machine is Using Us  The semantic web The semantic web  Ubiquitous instant communication

What got us here  Broadband applied to all that went before  Speed and storage  Innovation and profit seeking  Popular culture / ‘common person power’  Steve Jobs and similar people

The major players (not just Facebook) ##  Facebook  Twitter  LinkedIn  YouTube  Pinterest  MySpace

Some of the others  Bebo is a social networking site where users receive a personal profile page to post blogs, photos, music, videos and questionnaires.  Hi5 is a social networking site where users can create a profile to showcase their interests. Users can upload pictures, play games, and more.

Others (cont.)  Tagged is a social network where users can make profiles, post pictures, chat and play games with friends and send virtual 'gifts.'  Multiply allows users to share videos, photos (unlimited), blogs as well as shop and sell in a large online marketplace.  Answers.com is a wiki Q&A combined with free online dictionary, thesaurus, and encyclopedias.

Others (cont.)  Buzznet is a photo, journal, and video-sharing social media network. Members participate in communities that are created around ideas, events and interests.  CafeMom is a community where moms come together to get advice and support on topics like pregnancy, health, fashion, food, entertainment, and more.  IGN is an entertainment website that focuses on video games, films, music and other media.

Others (cont.)  IMVU is a social game and entertainment site where millions of people meet, chat, play games and have fun.  Netlog is a European youth-oriented online community available in over 20 languages where users create profiles, join groups, post blogs and media.  Reddit is a social news website where the registered users submit content, in the form of either a link or a text post.  BlackPlanet is a social networking site targeted to the African American community with music, jobs, forums, chat, photos, dating personals and groups.

Others (cont.)  Kongregate is an online gaming site where users can upload and play flash-based games, earn points and rewards for high scores and discuss in user forums.  Those are some of the Social Networks, then there are the Blogging sites…

Blogging sites  LiveJournal is a blogging platform/social network where users keep a blog or journal, comment on friends' blogs and join virtual communities.  AOL Lifestream streams your updates in one place. You can comment, like and update your Facebook, Twitter and MySpace statuses.  Blogger is a blog publishing service with many features including geo-tagging and time-stamped entries for private or multi-user blogs.

Blogging (cont.)  Disqus is an online service which allows users to create a profile for organizing and following their comments across hundreds of websites.  Posterous is a blogging platform designed primarily for mobile users who wish to share blog posts, photos, video, mp3s and connect with Twitter, Facebook etc.  Tumblr is a blogging platform geared towards 'hip,' urban youth. Posts are generally short, and might include videos, quotations, pictures and links.

Blogging (cont.)  WordPress is an open-sourced blog platform which provides users with templates to utilize for on or offsite blogging.  Xanga is a blogging community/social network where users can blog, share photos, videos and audio and connect with fellow users.  TypePad is a blogging service that shares technology with Movable Type and is used by both tech-savvy and non-technical users.  Wretch is a blogging community based in Taiwan. Although available in English, Wretch is primarily geared towards Asian, Chinese-speaking youth.

And then photo sharing…  Flickr is an image and video hosting website where users and bloggers share, embed, and host photographs and images.  Picasa is an image-organizing, photo-sharing site developed by Google where users can upload and edit digital photos.  On Gravatar, users can register an account based on their address, and upload an avatar to be associated with the account.  PictureTrail is a photo-sharing site which allows users to host images and share photos via a user profiles.

Photo Sharing (cont.)  deviantART is an online community showcasing varied forms of user-made artwork and aims to provide a place for any artist to exhibit and discuss works.  Fotolog is a photoblog website where users share pictures through online photo diaries or photo blogs.  Instagram is a free photo sharing app which allows users to take a photo, apply a digital filter to it, and then share it on multiple social networking services.

Photo Sharing (cont.)  PhotoBucket is a photo-sharing service which allows users 500MB of free space where they can host, share (i.e. on MySpace), or keep their photos private.  Behance is an online portfolio site for creative professionals across multiple industries including photography, graphic design, illustration, and fashion.  Smugmug is a premium photo sharing site primarily used by professional photographers.

The Music sites include…  Jango is an internet radio station where users can create their own stations and find other users with similar tastes.  Pandora is an internet radio station created by the 'Music Genome Project,' which automatically recommends and plays music based on user's listening preferences.  Lyrics.com is a searchable online database of song lyrics where users can share favorite songs, create profiles and make customizable playlists.

Music sites (cont.)  Last.fm is a UK-based music recommendation service where users can listen to music and discover new artists based on personalized, automated recommendations.  SoundCloud is a platform that puts your sound at the heart of communities, websites and even apps. Watch conversations, connections and social experiences happen, with your sound as the spark.  MOG is an online music and blog service. MOG offers on- demand listening and has a library of over 10 million songs.

And then Video sites…  Vimeo is a video-sharing website where users can upload and watch largely high-quality, HD videos and subscribe to user channels.  DailyMotion is a video sharing service website where users can find or upload videos about their interests.  Flixster is a social movie site allowing users to share movie ratings, discover new movies and meet others with similar movie tastes.

Video sites (cont.)  Hulu started as a free video uploading and sharing site featuring copyrighted content then added a paid service.  Justin.TV is an online broadcasting platform which specializes in live streaming content. Users can broadcast live feeds and chat in real time with audience.  Metacafe is a video-sharing network where users upload, discuss, review entertaining short-form (90 seconds on average) clips.

Video sites (cont.)  Ustream.tv is a broadcasting platform which offers live, streaming feeds (concerts, speeches, sporting events etc.) along with interactive, user-generated content.  Veoh is an Internet television website specializing in network television and movie content, along with independent productions and user-generated videos.  YouTube (duh…) is a video-sharing website where users can upload and watch videos, subscribe to user channels and leave comments.

Video sites (cont.)  Break is a humor website targeted to males aged that features comedy videos and flash games.  CNN IReport accepts video, photos and audio from a computer or cell phone. A compilation of news items submitted by citizen journalism.  (others from legacy media?)

Then there’s online shopping  Early 1990s Internet start-ups vs. ‘bricks and mortar stores’ grocery deliver, per stores, clothing stores –”dotcom bust”  Amazon is America's largest online retailer. Their product lines include books, music, electronics, home goods, clothing, and everything in between.  eBay is an online auction and shopping website in which people and businesses buy and sell a wide variety of goods and services worldwide.  Etsy is an ecommerce website which focuses on the selling of handmade and vintage items, and arts and crafts supplies.

Shopping (more)  Epinions.com offers reviews about a variety of items to help readers decide on purchases. Readers can join to write reviews and earn money.  Kaboodle is an online shopping/social network site where users can discuss, recommend and share products with other users.  ThisNext is a community of shoppers that share new and unique products and trends with the public.  Zazzle is an online retailer where users can sell their own self- designed merchandise or buy merchandise from other users. Typical items include t-shirts and posters.

And, Location / Review sites …  Foursquare is a location-based social networking site where users can 'check-in' at vicinities with mobile devices.  Formspring is a questions and answers site that allows users to set up a profile page from which anyone can ask them questions and post comment.  Upcoming is an event calendar website where users can research or receive notifications of upcoming events (concerts, festivals etc.) and coordinate plans with friends.

Location / review …  Urbanspoon is a service where users can review and recommend restaurants, share pictures of food and even make dining reservations.  Citysearch is an online city guide that provides information about U.S. businesses in the areas of dining, entertainment, retail, travel, and professional services.  Delicious is a social bookmarking service for saving, organizing and sharing personal bookmarks. It is also used to discover the newest and most popular bookmarks.

Location / Review …  Eventful aims to help users search for, track, and share information about events. Users can also create calendars through the service.  Pinterest is an online pinboard. Organize and share things you love.  StumbleUpon is a 'discovery engine,' which recommends random websites, videos, photos etc. based on user taste and preferences.

Location / Review …  TripAdvisor is the web's largest travel review website, which allows users to make travel plans (i.e. book flights/hotels) and write reviews of hotels, restaurants etc.  Zillow is a real estate database which allows home buyers, sellers, renters and real estate agents to compare or appraise home/property/mortgage values. (Trulia too)  Menuism is a service for foodies and food lovers that offers restaurant reviews, individual dish reviews, restaurant menus and locations, and a social networking feature.  Topix is an online community where users can comment on aggregated news articles and discuss local and national events with each other.

Dating  Match.com is a popular online dating network which allows users to create profiles and meet like-minded singles looking for love.  OKCupid is a free online dating network where singles can message, share blogs and photos and find compatible users through member-created quizzes.  PlentyOfFish is an online dating site where singles can take personality tests and find compatible mates.

Other…  GitHub is a Git hosting site that helps users manage software development projects. It also offers free public repositories, issue tracking, code review and more.  SourceForge acts as a management system for software developers to regulate open source software development and projects.

And what else?  How are you using social media?  How are people making money using social media?  How are you spending money that’s connected to social media?  How are your relationships with others changing?  How are your relationships with products and services changing?