The Spread of Islam Chapter 11 section 2

Section Review Because of the climate and geography, most early Arabs were _______ _______ called bedouins The bedouins were separated into tribes what were the leaders of these tribes called? Why was Mecca so important? Muhammad’s teachings clashed with Arab powers because it was _________ Every year Arab pilgrims came to _____ to worship at the Kaaba- a stone building filled with idols What and became the first base of Islam?

Expansion Under Abu Bakr and Umar When Muhammad died in AD 632 his followers chose Abu Bakr as his successor {He was a friend of Muhammad and one of his earliest converts and was given the title of Caliph Caliph means successor to the prophet Abu Bakr was able to bring the Arabic tribes together and expand Islam's influence Northward } Umar succeeded Abu Bakr as Caliph and expansion continued Within 25 years of Muhammad's death the Muslim empire included parts of Syria, Persia and N Africa

Islamic Canvas Art

Continued {The Arabs were often more tolerant of other religions than other conquerors} They did not demand that people convert to Islam They called Christians and Jews “the people of the book” and accepted the Bible and Torah as part of gods teachings They had the choice to convert or pay taxes and if they chose not to do either they were killed The Caliphs after Umar continued the expansion

Islamic Community divides From the time Muhammad died the Islamic community could not agree on who should be the next caliph Eventually this led to a split in the Muslim community There was a disagreement when Uthman was killed and Ali was chosen to take over Uthman’s relative Mu awiyah (mooh-AH-wee-ya) accused Ali of helping the killers and war broke out between the two. Ali was killed and Mu awiyah became Caliph

Sunni Mosque

The split Most Muslims agreed to accept Mu awiyah as Caliph, eventually becoming known as the Sunni Muslims Ali’s followers insisted that only Ali’s decedents should be Caliph They became known as the Shi’ah which make up less than 10% of the Muslim population Another smaller group called {the Sufi turned away from worldly possessions and focus on god}

The Empire continues to Spread Despite the split the Muslim faith continued to spread into North Africa and Spain The Muslims that settled in Spain became known as the Moors The Moors tried to take France but the Franks defeated the Moors and they retreated back to Spain The era of Muslim expansion lasted until the 1100’s then the Turks became the ruling force in Islam

The Turks and Islam The Turks were tough nomadic people that herded as much as they fought and raided They developed a warlike culture that encouraged expansion and conquest Through this expanding they came in contact with the Muslim faith and many converted and settled around the Muslim city of Baghdad They served the caliph as troops They supported Islamic laws but a sultan ruled the Turks and {power shifted away from the caliph as the Turks gained power}

Part of an Ancient Baghdad Mosque

Continued The Caliph played a symbolic role but later the Turks won control of Baghdad They then became the dominant force in the Islamic world Eventually the Turkish Muslims seized Syria, Mesopotamia and much of Asia minor They attacked the Byzantines and won some battles against them The Turkish Muslims raided northern India and because they were good at fighting on horseback they soon took that area as well

Turkish fall Outside forces slowed Turkish Muslim expansion in 1250 A.D. Christians form the West captured cities from the Turks in a series of wars Around the same time Mongols destroyed Baghdad

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