What is a Cell?

Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

How small are cells?

WOW!!! Some Random Cell Facts The average human being is composed of around 100 Trillion individual cells!!! It would take as many as 50 cells to cover the area of a dot on the letter “i” WOW!!!

What are “Organelles”?

Organelles of the Animal Cell Ribosomes Chromosomes Nucleus Vacuole Cytoplasm Cell Membrane Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Lysosome Golgi apparatus

All Cells Have organelles Cell Membrane Cytoplasm DNA

CELL MEMBRANE- IN PLANT CELLS- found just inside the cell wall. IN ANIMAL CELLS – It is the outer covering of the cell. It has tiny openings or pores that control the movement in and out of the cell. It is selectively permeable.

Cytoplasm Region between the nucleus and cell membrane Clear, thick jelly-like substance Constantly moving Contains many important organelles

Deoxyribonucleic Acid DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid Found in all cells Carries genetic(hereditary) information Controls activities of the cell Usually found in nucleus

Plant and Animal Cells Jane Horstmann

Plant or animal cell? How can you tell?

This is an animal cell because _______________.

More pictures of cells

Two Kinds of Cells Prokaryotic: without a nucleus Eukaryotic: with a nucleus

Prokaryotes Single cell, without a nucleus or membrane bound organelles Most common - Bacteria

Eukaryotic All protists are eukaryotes most are unicellular Multicellular – many cells Can see with your eye Animals, Plants Fungi – mushrooms and yeast

Cell Structures, Functions and Transport

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Nucleus Nickname: “The Control Center” Function: holds the DNA Parts: Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Ribosomes Function: makes proteins Grain like Made by the nucleolus Made of RNA (ribonucleic acid) RNA –directs the production of protiens. This is controlled by DNA Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic Location: endoplasmic reticulum or cytoplasm

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Nickname: “Roads” Function: Transport system that carries proteins throughout the cell. tubular leading out from the nuclear membrane throughout the cell. May go out to the cell membrane

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Go to Section:

Endoplasmic Reticulum DELIVERY SYSTEM OF THE CELL 2 Types: Rough ER: Rough appearance because it has ribosomes Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes Smooth ER: NO ribosomes Function: makes fats or lipids

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Ribosomes Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Ribosomes Nucleolus Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Complex Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Golgi Complex Nickname: The shippers Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell Appearance: stack of pancakes

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Lysosomes: small and circular, but bigger than ribosomes Nickname: “Clean-up Crews” Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells Common in animal cells but rare in plant cells

Animal Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Cytoplasm Nucleolus Section 7-2 Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Mitochondria Nickname: “The Powerhouse” Function: Supplies most of the energy for the cell Breaks down food (glucose) into water and carbon dioxide, which releases energy. This is called respiration stores energy more active a cell is the more mitochondria it will have Has small amount of DNA. Scientist believe they were once free living organisms that invaded the cell millions of years ago.

Animal Cell Cytoplasm Nucleolus Ribosomes Nucleus Cell Membrane Mitochondria Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Bodies

Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Cell Membrane Section 7-2 Vacuole Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Vacuoles Function: stores water This is what makes lettuce crisp When there is no water, the plant wilts Plants often have one or two very large ones Animals have small and few Act as storage tanks for food, water, materials needed by the cell, and waste products.

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Chloroplasts Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell Process is called photosynthesis Equation for photosynthesis Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment

Chloroplasts

Plant Cell Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells Vacuole Chloroplasts Section 7-2 Vacuole Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Go to Section:

Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function Cell Wall Function: strong, rigid; made of cellulose, provides support and protection to the cell membrane, allows materials (carbon dioxide, water, oxygen, and other dissolved materials) to pass in and out Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells

Plant Cell Cytoplasm Vacuole Smooth ER Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell Membrane Cell Wall Nucleolus Golgi Bodies Nucleus Mitochondria Rough ER

How Are They Different? cell wall and cell membrane cell membrane Plant Cell cell wall and cell membrane rectangular shape large vacuole makes glucose contains chloroplasts - which make chlorophyll - which is used for photosynthesis Animal Cell cell membrane oval or round shape small vacuoles

Comparing Plant and Animal Cells