Global Network on Energy for Sustainable Development (GNESD) Contribution of Bioenergy for Rural Development and Poverty Alleviation General Coordination: Cenbio/CentroClima – Brazil Prof. Suani Coelho Cenbio / University of São Paulo Cape Town, South Africa, May 27 th 2009

Primary Energy (1850–1990) and 2100 Scenarios Source: World Energy Assessment, 2000

GNESD Bioenergy Theme - Motivation Modern bioenergy – sustainable production Three main issues: – Biomass for electric generation  supply remote villages Using agricultural residues Using vegetable oils Using biogas (both urban and rural residues) Benefits: improvement of energy access, job creation (mainly in rural areas) – Biomass for liquid biofuels Using locally produced bioenergy crops and biofuels – Eventually to export biofuels Benefits: job creation (mainly in rural areas), replacement of import oil/oil products, revenues (from eventual biofuel export) – Energy and climate change - Perspectives for Clean Development Mechanisms (CDM) – Kyoto Protocol

World - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006) Shares of 11,740 Mtoe Source: OECD/IEA, 2008

Africa - Share of Total Primary energy Supply (2006) Shares of 614 Mtoe Source: OECD/IEA, 2008

Latin America - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006) Shares of 531 Mtoe

Source: OECD/IEA, 2008 Asia (excluding China) - Share of Total Primary Energy Supply (2006) Shares of 1,330 Mtoe

Environmental Benefits from Biofuels To reduce local, regional and global environmental impacts; Ethanol is the only renewable source which can be used in transportation sector.

Oil flows throughout the world. Source: UNDP, UNDESA, WEC, 2002 Largest share of the world’s oil resources: concentrated in regions with potential political or economic instabilities. High costs of maintaining energy security Biofuels: Increasing diversification of energy matrix Biofuels: reducing reliance on fossil fuel and thus energy security Strategic Benefits from Biofuels

GNESD Bioenergy Theme Objectives: – to carry out an initial assessment of the potentials of bioenergy for rural development for all types of bioenergy i.e. liquid, solid and gas. – to study all forms of bioenergy to specifically examine the roles they can play in rural development and poverty alleviation. The study is being developed in two phases: – Inception phase – Thematic phase

Inception Phase (by March 2009) Objective: – to identify bioenergy forms used in the different developing countries covered by GNESD. – to provide key elements for the full thematic study current situation of biomass biomass policies in each country perspectives for the implementation of bioenergy programs.

Inception Phase Table of Contents 1.Executive summary 2. Introduction 3. Literature review on bioenergy in the region: Current production of biomass for energy Other relevant information (informed by each Centre) 4.Review of the current bioenergy programmes/policies in the country/region, including (liquid) biofuels programmes 5.Description of the bioenergy forms and the methodology to be used (3 to 4 forms per centre) 6.Identification of case studies to be carried out in detail in the second phase with justifications for each country. Ideally there should be case studies for each form of bioenergy being studied. 7.Conclusions of the inception phase

Main Outcomes of Inception Phase (I) CentersCountries studied in the Inception Phase Existing biomassProposed case studies AFREPREN (Kenya) Ethiopia, Kenya, Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda Fuelwood, ethanol, biodiesel, biogas Biomass cogeneration Biogas Landfill gas Bioethanol AIT (Thailand) Thailand and Indonesia Traditional biomass, agricultural residues for electricity production Biofuels Biomass power Biogas CENBIO/CentroClima (Brazil) Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Ecuador Ethanol, biodiesel, fuel wood, charcoal, biogas and agricultural and forestry residues Bioethanol Biodiesel Enda (Senegal) Mali, Ghana, Senegal Traditional fuel wood and charcoal Biogas Biodiesel Fuel wood ERC (South Africa) South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique Traditional fuelwoodBioethanol Biodiesel Gelfuel (80% ethanol) for cooking Charcoal Certification (impacts)

Main Outcomes of Inception Phase (II) CenterCountries studied in the Inception Phase Existing biomassProposed case studies ERI (China) China Agricultural residues, forestry residues, municipal solid waste and livestock waste, biogas, ethanol Biomass power Bioethanol Pellets from agricultural residues and biomass gasification Fundación Bariloche (Argentina) Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay Biodiesel, fuel wood, agricultural residues Forest biomass Agricultural residues Livestock waste MEDREC (Tunisia) Tunisia Woody biomass, biogas and biodiesel Pellets Biogas Jatropha curcas TERI (India) IndiaWoody biomass, agricultural residues, biogas, biodiesel and ethanol. Biomass based energy production in remote village, biomass power and biogas

Thematic Phase (2 nd Phase) Objectives: – to review the existing bioenergy policies in the sub-region – to identify the barriers and assess good and bad practices through detailed case studies from each sub-region – to formulate recommendations for policy decisions toward rural development and poverty alleviation. The potentials of each type of bioenergy will be identified from economic, social and environmental perspectives. Deadline: September 2009.

Proposed Outline for Thematic Phase (To be discussed) 1.Country / region presentation overview geographic, climate and economic conditions, population, infrastructure, etc energy consumption – fossil / RE – current and future 2.Bioenergy in the region current use (type, amount, end use, costs, other issues?) 3.Sustainability aspects of each type of bioenergy economic environmental social issues certification issues – additional costs, capacity building, perspectives for developing countries, existing difficulties for implementation. suggestion for discussion: study from UNCTAD (2008) – “Making Certification Work for Sustainable Development: The Case of Biofuels” 4.Study cases for each country/region 5.Existing barriers 6.Policy recommendations for the country/region 7.Conclusions