1. Sustainable Bioenergy and Investments in Agriculture
The Approach and a new collaboration with EBRD
Irini Maltsoglou, Climate Change, Energy and Tenure
Investment Days, FAO HQ, December 2014

2. Some key definitions: Biomass, Biofuels and Bioenergy Pathways
FEEDSTOCK
Woodfuel and woody residues, crop residues, livestock residues, crops, food producessing residues
Solid Biofuels
Gaseous Biofuels
Liquid Biofuels
Firewood, charcoal, briquettes
Biogas, syngas (gasification)
Bioethanol, biodiesel and straight vegetable oil
RESOURCE
Designer to propose a different layout for the “Environmental Analysis” veritical box, in order to make sure that readers do not get the impression that “Biomass Potential Assessment”, “Techno-Economic Analysis” and “Socio-Economic Analysis” are about “Environmental Analysis”.
Designer to create two sub-boxes for “Techno-Economic Analysis” and “Socio-Economic Analysis”, which could look like the bigger boxes, i.e. with an arrow going from the former to the latter in order to indicate the chronological sequence.
Designer to propose alternative colour scheme and make any other necessary improvements.
Heating and Cooking
Electricity
Transport

3.  the 4 dimensions of food security
Key Definitions: Food Security
….exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.
1996 World Food Summit held in Rome
 the 4 dimensions of food security
AVAILABILITY - Physical AVAILABILITY of food
ACCESS - Economic and physical ACCESS to food
UTILIZATION - Food UTILIZATION
STABILITY - STABILITY of the dimensions
AVAILABILITY: Food availability addresses the “supply side” of food security and is determined by the level of food production, stock levels and net trade. However, an adequate food supply at the national or international level does not guarantee household level food security.
ACCESS:Access to food is influenced by market factors and the price of food as well as an individual’s purchasing power, which is related to employment and livelihood opportunities.
UTILIZATION:Utilization is commonly understood as the way the body makes the most of various nutrients in the food. This food security dimension is determined primarily by people’s health status. General hygiene and sanitation, water quality, health care practices and food safety and quality are determinants of good food utilization by the body.
STABILITY: Stability refers to stability of the other three dimensions over time. The phrase “at all times” refers to the stability dimension of food security. It emphasizes the importance of having to reduce the risk of adverse effects on the other three dimensions: food availability, access to food or food utilization.

4. Linkages: Bioenergy and Food Security
Food Utilization (Nutrition)
Food Availability
(Supply)
Food Access (Income and prices)
Which options allow to integrate the energy and agriculture production systems?
To be defined which, if any, are:
Environmental sustainability, social acceptability, and economic viability of the bioenergy sector “setup”

5. FAO’s Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) Approach
Assisting countries with the development of a sustainable, food secure bioenergy sector that integrates the agricultural sector
Six areas of support
Impact Monitoring, Evaluation and Response
Support to
Policy Formulation
Sustainable
Bioenergy
Assessment
Scoping
Stakeholder Dialogue and Capacity Building
Risk Prevention, Management and Investment Screening
BEFS Rapid Appraisal
BEFS Operator Level Tool

6. The BEFS Rapid Appraisal
Country Status
Review of key indicators and trends: Agriculture, Energy, Environment, etc.
Agriculture
Residues
Woodfuel and
Wood Residues
Crops
Natural Resources
Biomass Potential Assessment
Biomass Potential Assessment
Energy End
Use Options
Heating and Cooking
Charcoal, briquettes and biogas
Electricity
Gasification, SVO, Combustion
Transport
Bioethanol, biodiesel
Pellets, Biogas (larger scale), CHP
Techno-economic and socioeconomic analysis
Country Specific Evidence

7. BEFS Operator Level Tool: indicators and scoring system
Screening of sustainability of bioenergy projects (environmental, social and economic)
According to EBRD sustainability requirements and FAO food security indicators
At the end the investment reviewed receives
an overall scoring:
No significant impacts
Potentially significant impacts, that can be mitigated
Potentially significant impacts, that are not acceptable

8. FAO EBRD project on bioenergy
Title: Supporting National and Private Sector Capacities in Sustainable Agricultural and Bioenergy Investments
Aim of the project: supporting decision-making related to bioenergy in countries of operations of the EBRD
The implementation period of the project will run from October 2014 to August 2016.
Three core elements of the project:
Tools: BEFS Rapid Appraisal and BEFS Operator Level Tool
Country level work: Egypt, Turkey, Ukraine, including private sector coverage
Capacity building: EBRD and in country

9. Where to find all the information
BEFS Approach
Introduction to BEFS RA
BEFS RA
Data collection sheets
BEFS RA
Tools and Manuals

10. BEFS RA: output and interlinkages
Country status
Key food staples, agriculture export crops, energy demand and access
Natural Resources: Biomass Potential Assessment
Quantity of feedstock potentially available considering the country needs
Feedstock costs for some cases
Energy end use options
Considering the feedstock potentially available, the feedstock costs and the domestic energy requirements:
Production costs, investment requirements, economic profitability, labour needs, number of households supplied, etc.

11. Overview of the project (contd.)
Outputs of the project:
A set of tailored tools to the country context
Country level analysis and report
Training on the approach and the tools

12. How does the appraisal account for food security and sustainability?
Identify key food staples in the country
Strive for feedstock production that is additional to current uses
Consider options for income generation, employment and potential tradeoffs (feedstock level, processing level)
Sustainable use of natural resources
intensification of agricultural production as preferred option
forestland and protected areas excluded
current/planned uses of residues excluded
importance of residues for soil fertility and structure considered
Economic and social sustainability
competitiveness
financial viability
outgrowers’ inclusion

13. BEFS Rapid Appraisal Characteristics: Limitations:
Excel based set of tools
globally applicable, national (subnational) level assessment
implementable in a relatively short time
can be used with limited user defined data, default values are provided as an option
analysis can focus on country needs
allows to limit the scope of detailed analysis
Limitations:
Accuracy of results depend on the accuracy of the data
Default data, user defined data
Further detailed analysis would be required for actual policy formulation, so this is the initial step. A sub-national level BEFS RA could be an option.

14. Phases of implementation of the BEFS RA
Phase 1: country needs, focus (stakeholder discussions) and data collection
Phase 2: analysis with the BEFS RA tools
Country status, natural resources and energy end use options
Phase 3: results screening, discussion and decision on way forward
Timing
4 to 6 months

15. Impact Monitoring, Evaluation and Response
Country level support and Evidence: The Bioenergy and Food Security (BEFS) Approach
Six areas of support:
Risk Prevention, Management and Investment Screening
Impact Monitoring, Evaluation and Response
Support to
Policy Formulation
Sustainable
Bioenergy
Assessment
Scoping
Stakeholder Dialogue and Capacity Building
Structure
Evidence
Stakeholder Dialogue
Capacity Building
Integrate Agriculture
and Energy
Stakeholder dialogue and capacity building are essential components of our work.
In the Assessment phase we focus on analysis to generate the evidence which is the used to support the policy formulation process.
Once policies are in place, these need to be monitored and identify unintended risks so that appropriate response to correct this are put in place.
Guidance materials to ensure environmental and social sustainability are also available to support the entire process.

16. Rural electrification options in Malawi
BEFS RA Case study
Rural electrification options in Malawi
Options for rural electrification to be generated from
SVO/gasification technology
from sunflower/soybean
Which is the most suitable solution?

17. The BEFS Rapid Appraisal
Country Status
Review of key indicators and trends: Agriculture, Energy, Environment, etc.
Overview information
Heavily dependent on agriculture, high poverty, low GDP/capita
Food security and agriculture
Main food crop: Maize
Main ag export crop: Tobacco
Energy and energy access
Heavily reliant on biomass for energy, household main consumers

18. The BEFS Rapid Appraisal
Natural Resources
Agriculture
Residues
Fuelwood and
Wood Residues
Crops
Crops – available for bioenergy
sunflower
soybean
Intensification (t/year)
8,470
91,844
Change of crops (t/year)
54,942
Extensification: possibility unclear at this level of analysis
TOTAL (t/year)
63,412
Allocated for SVO (t/year)
31,706
45,922
Allocated for biodiesel (t/year)
Crops residues – available for bioenergy
91,844
Maize cob
Sorghum straw/stalk
TOTAL (t/year)
57,281
38,167
Allocated for rural electrification - gasification

19. The BEFS Rapid Appraisal
Transport
Bioethanol, biodiesel
Rural Electrification
Gasification, SVO, Combustion
Heating and Cooking
Charcoal, briquettes, biogas
Energy End
Use Options
Techno-economic and socioeconomic analysis

20. Production cost (USD/kWh)
Gasification
SVO

21. Investment cost (USD)
Gasification
SVO

22. Number of Plants Sustainably supplied
Gasification
SVO

23. Number of Jobs
Gasification
SVO

24. Households Supplied
Gasification
SVO

25. Comparisons Electricity Options