Review of “Classification”

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Presentation transcript:

Review of “Classification” Chapter 17 Review of “Classification”

Classification Grouping things according to similar characteristics, and separating them from others by differing characteristics The science of classifying living things is taxonomy

Used to classify organisms: Cells and their organelles Growth and development Blood chemistry DNA Energetics Body structures/organs

Early Systems of Classification Aristotle – for animals 2000 years ago Theophrastus – for plants 2000 years ago Linnaeus (Karl von Linne) – all organisms in the 1700’s Linnaeus is known as the “father of modern taxonomy”

Aristotle

Theophrastus

What is the common theme that you observe between the systems of teacher and student?

Pairs of choices – either this or that…… Pairs of choices – either this or that……..each step has just two choices!

Linnaeus continued that in his development of a “dichotomous key” How to use the dichotomous key

Variations have been developed over time!

Classification Levels All organisms are placed in one of 5 kingdoms Kingdoms are divided into several phyla (phylum) or divisions Phyla are subdivided into classes Classes are divided into several orders Order contain several families Each family has several genera (genus) Each genus is made up of related species

(Division)

Species sometimes have “varieties” The definition of a species is groups that can breed to form fertile offspring

Human Classification Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata Class Mammalia Order Primates Family Hominidae Genus Homo Species sapiens

Binomial Nomenclature Each organism has a two-part Latin name in Linnaeus’ system Capitalized Genus Lower case species Homo sapiens, Acer rubrum, Pseudotsuga heterophylla, Bacillus cereus, Canis familiaris, Felis domesticus, Equus asinus Discoverer gets to name it !

Kingdoms of Living Things Monera Protista Fungi Animalia Plantae Whittaker in 1969 Nucleus or not Uni/multicellular How they obtain food

Monera Simple, unicellular, prokaryotic Bacteria Now Archeabacteria Eubacteria

Protista Simple, unicellular or multicellular Eukaryotic Amoeba, euglena, paramecia

Fungi Uni- or multicellular, plant-like Eukaryotic Feed on dead matter Mushrooms, mold and yeast

Plantae Multicellular Eukaryotic Photosynthetic Flowers, shrubs, trees

Animalia Multicellular Eukaryotic Eat other organisms Man, fish, bird

How are organisms named? From Latin and Greek Planta from Latin for “plant” Moneres from Greek for “single” Genus is Latin for “type” Latin prefixes and suffixes to further describe the basic root words

What does archeaphyte mean? Arthropod? Rhodophyta? Ciliderm? Eubacteria? Archea = ancient Arthr = joint Chlor = green Cili = small hair Con = cone Derm = skin Eu = true Myc = fungus Oo = water Platy = flat Por = pore Pod = foot Phyt = plant Rhod = red

What about viruses? Non-living particle (consider characteristics of “life”) Bacteriophage

Lytic Cycle

Classified? Not in organic classification system Formerly classified by host New system by shape and structure Capsid structure Nucleic acid type Method of reproduction