Chapter 7 - Classification

DO NOW Tell your table – What is a species? Are these the same species?

Classification b Classification – the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics. b Taxonomy - The science of describing, naming and classifying organisms.

Carolus Linnaeus 18 th century & Swedish He classified living things into 2 groups 1.plants 2.animals He classified all living organisms according to similarities in shape and structure.

Carolus Linnaeus Founded modern taxonomy (science of classification) He developed the binomial nomenclature - a two- part scientific name Genus– the first part of the name (Upper Case) Species - second part of the name (Lower case) Example – Tyrannosaurus rex) Genus Specific

7 Levels of Classification 1.) Kingdom (Animaliae) – animal 2.) Phylum (Chordata) – backbone 3.) Class (Mammalia) – nurse young 4.) Order (Primate) – hands/feet 5.) Family (Hominidae) – walk upright 6.) Genus (Homo) – human 7.) Species (sapiens) – wise King Philip Came Over For Great Spaghetti

Kingdom (Animal) Phylum ( backbone) Class ( nurse young) Order ( teeth for tearing meat Family (retractable claws) Genus (purr and can’t roar) Species (house cat)

Recap Questions b b What is the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific characteristics? Classification b b The science of describing, naming and classifying organisms. b b Taxonomy b b Who is the man that founded modern taxonomy? b b Linnaeus

Recap Questions b b What are the two groups that Linnaeus classified living things into? Plants & Animals b b Linnaeus categorized all living organisms according to their similarities in & b b Shape & Structure b b A two part scientific name used to classify organisms are called what? b b Binomial Nomenclature

Recap Questions b b The first part of a binomial nomenclature is called what? Genus b b The second part of a binomial nomenclature is called what? b b Specific b b Identify which is the genus and specific name of Tyrannosaurus rex? b b Tyrannosaurus – Genus & rex - specific

Kingdom Archaea b Prokaryotic b Prokaryotic b Single-Celled b Both heterotroph or autotroph b First discovered living in extreme environments, where other organisms could not survive. Some archaea can also be found in moderate environments, such as the open ocean. b Examples: Rings around the edge of the hot spring in Yellowstone National Park

Kingdom Bacteria b Prokaryotic b Single-Celled b Can be both heterotroph or autotroph b Examples: E.coli, salmonella, MRSA (Staph Infection)

Domain Eukarya b All organisms whose cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles are called eukaryotes. b Four kingdoms: 1.Protista 2.Fungi 3.Plantae 4.Animalia

Kingdom Protista b Eukaryotic b Single-Celled b Both Autotroph and heterotroph b Examples: Algae, Euglena, Amoeba, Paramecium

Kingdom Fungi b Eukaryotic b Single & Multi- Celled b Heterotroph b Examples: bYeast (single) bMold, mildew, mushrooms (multi)

Kingdom Plantae b Eukaryotic b Multi-Celled b Autotroph b Examples: bFerns, Flowering Plants, Tree

Kingdom Animalia b Eukaryotic b Multi-celled b Heterotroph b Examples: bsponge, dog, cat, monkey, humans

Eukaryote or Prokaryote Single /multi Auto or hetero ex ArchaeaPSBOTHHotsprings BACTERIA PSBOTHBACTERIA PROTISTAESBOTHEUGLENA, PARAMECIUM, AMEOEBA FUNGIEBOTHHY,M,M,M PLANTEMAAlgae, ferns, flowering plants ANIMALIAEMHVertebrates, invertebrates