Animals Chapter 1 Section 1

Classification Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

Chimps versus Human Chimps Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus - Pan Species - Troglodytes Human Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus - Homo Species - Sapien

Elephants versus Humans Elephants Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Proboscidea Family - Elephantidae Genus - Elephas Species - Maximus Humans Kindom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus -Homo Species - Sapien

Harvester Ants versus Humans Harvester Ants Kingdom - Animalia Phylum - Arthropoda Class - Insecta Order - Hymenoptera Family - Formicidae Genus – Pogonomyrmex Species - Badius Humans Kindom - Animalia Phylum - Chordata Class - Mammalia Order - Primatia Family - Hominidae Genus -Homo Species - Sapien

The Animal Kingdom Over 1 million species

Two Major Categories of Animals Vertebrates - have a backbone - includes fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals - less than 5% of all known animals are vertebrates Invertebrates - no backbones - includes bugs, sponges, worms, mollusks, and many more

Characteristics of Animals Multicellular No cell walls Usually sexual reproduction Develop from embryos Specialized parts – tissue, organs etc.

Animals Chapter 1 section 2

Animal Behavior Survival Seasonal

Survival - Defense Animals co-evolve as a response to one another Some animals have horns, some have chemicals, some are poisonous Warning coloration – colors of animals can warn of poisons or give the appearance of poison – reds, yellows, oranges, black, white Camouflage – blending into the background Puffing up – animals will make themselves appear bigger ex. Scared cat

Survival – Necessities Animals use tools – ex- birds can open ostrich eggs with rocks, apes use sticks to get food etc. Animals build shelters – ex. Rodents, birds etc.

Nature versus Nurture Innate Behavior (nature) – genetic predisposition to certain types of behavior ex. Puppies chew, worms burrow. These are behaviors that do not need to be taught. Learned Behavior (nurture) – behavior that has been learned through experience or from watching other animals

Nature or Nurture?

Eagle Mother and Babies

Seasonal Behavior Migration – for food, mating, warmth- use landmarks and earth’s magnetic field to navigate Hibernation- inactivity where organism will slow heart rate, decrease body temperature, slow breathing rate to the extreme. Do not wake for weeks. Ex- mice, squirrels Winter sleep- similar to hibernation but not as extreme Ex- bears Estivation – internal slowdown during hot months when resources get scarce ex- desert rodents

Rhythms Biological clocks – internal control of natural cycles. Can happen daily or over a lifetime. Circadian Rhythms – daily biological clocks ex – nocturnal versus diurnal

Animals - Living Together Chapter 1 section 3

Social Behavior Interaction of animals between the same species Requires communication

Communication A signal must travel from one organism to another and the receiver must respond Animals communicate to defend territory, courtship, warn of trouble and friendship

How Do Animals Communicate? Verbal Smell – Pheromones:chemicals are released to warn of trouble, for mating purposes, recognition Body language Touch

Living in a Group-Good and Bad Good  Safer – they can defend one another  Cooperation – they can help one another find food, shelter etc Bad  Attract predators  More competition