Prehistoric Cultures Prehistoric Cultures Class Slides Set 12D Primates: Apes Tim Roufs’ section

Classification chart (after Linnaeus) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 96

A Primate Family Tree The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

Primate taxonomic classification Apes Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification Hylobates Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification Pongids: ”The Great Apes” Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification Orangutan Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123 Gorilla

Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123 Chimpanzee

Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123 Hominids

Hominoidea Hylobates gibbon Family Pongids (“great apes”) Hominids orangutan chimpanzee gorilla Genus / Species

Hominoidea Hylobates gibbon Pongids (“great apes”) Hominids Family Genus / Species

Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes Modern Asian Apes Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131 p. 131

Old World Monkey: Gibbon The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 75 p. 131

Old World Monkey: Gibbon The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 74 p. 131

White-handed gibbon Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131 p. 131

Hominoidea Hylobates gibbon Genus / Species Pongids (“great apes”) Hominids orangutan chimpanzee gorilla Family

Pongids (Great Apes) orangutan (Pongo) chimpanzee (Pan) gorilla (Gorilla)

Geographical distribution of modern African and Asian apes Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p p. 131 p. 132

Pongids (Great Apes) orangutan (Pongo)

Primate taxonomic classification Orangutan Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

Geographical distribution of modern Asian apes Modern Asian Apes Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 131 p. 131

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 139 Orangutan (female) p. 131

Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 8th ed., p. 161 Orangutan p. 131

The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 81 Great Ape: Bearded Male Orangutan – “The Man of the Forest” p. 131

Great Ape: Orangutan The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 191 p. 131

Pongids (Great Apes) orangutan (Pongo) chimpanzee (Pan) gorilla (Gorilla)

Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123 Chimpanzee

Geographical distribution of modern African apes Modern African Apes Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132 p. 132

Chimpanzee The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 71 p. 132

Chimpanzee (male) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 134 p. 132

Chimpanzee (female) Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 134 p. 132

Female bonobos with young Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 135 p. 132

Chimpanzees grooming Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 151 p. 132

Pongids (Great Apes) chimpanzee sexual dimorphism –female body weight is 78% of male weight

Pongids (Great Apes) orangutan (Pongo) chimpanzee (Pan) gorilla (Gorilla)

Primate taxonomic classification Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123 Gorilla

Geographical distribution of modern African apes Modern African Apes Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132 p. 132

Western lowland gorilla (male) Gorilla gorlla gorilla Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132 p. 132

Western lowland gorilla (female) Gorilla gorlla gorilla Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 132 p. 132

Mountain gorilla (male) Gorilla gorilla beringei Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 133 p. 132

Mountain gorilla (female) Gorilla gorilla beringei Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 133 p. 132

Pongids (Great Apes) gorillas have considerable sexual dimorphism –female body weight is half (51%) of male weight

news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/08/ gorillas-congo.html

Pongids (Great Apes) Time permitting, we’ll have a closer look at the Great Apes later (class slide Set # 14) Set # 14

Next: General Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and HumansGeneral Features and Major Evolutionary Trends of Apes and Humans