1. Prehistoric Cultures
Tim Roufs’ section
Prosimians

2. http://www. d. umn. edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth1602/pcprim

3. Classification chart (after Linnaeus)
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 96

4. Primate taxonomic classification
Prosimians
(pre-monkeys)
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

5. Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris tarsier
Suborder
Common Name
Prosimii
tree shrew (insectivore)
lemur
loris
tarsier
Anthropoidea

6. Taxonomy
Suborder
Common Name
Prosimii
tree shrew (insectivore)

7. (Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo
REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate
S.E. Asia and Indonesia

8. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
Borneo
Indonesia
Java
Indonesia and Borneo
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

9. (Pen – Tailed) Tree Shrew, Borneo
REM: the tree shrew is an insectivore not a primate
S.E. Asia and Indonesia
sharp-clawed digits
old fossil forms show flattened nails
some are nocturnal
about the size of a squirrel
approximation of earliest phase in the evolution of primates

10. Pen – Tailed Tree Shrew, Borneo
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 20

11. Taxonomy
Suborder
Common Name
Prosimii
tree shrew (insectivore)
lemur

12. Primate taxonomic classification
Lemur
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

13. Geographical distribution of modern lemurs
Madagascar
Geographical distribution of modern lemurs
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

14. (Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar
size and appearance of a raccoon
independently moveable ears
mostly nocturnal
approximate midpoint between insectivores and monkeys
widespread during Eocene, and is of interest because of little change since Eocene
(36-58 million yrs. B.P.)
most digits have flat nails rather than claws
has uneven body temperature

15. (Dwarf) Lemur, Madagascar
p. 125
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 12

16. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125
Ring-tailed lemur
p. 125
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

17. Sifakas in their native habitat in Madagascar
p. 125
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 125

18. p. 125

19. p. 125
Lemur, Madagascar

20. p. 125

21. Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris Suborder
Common Name
Prosimii
tree shrew (insectivore)
lemur
loris

22. Primate taxonomic classification
Loris
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

23. Loris
Malaysia, S.E. Asia

24. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
Malaysia
Malaysia
Java
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

25. Loris Malaysia, S.E. Asia nocturnal large eyes
feeds largely on insects, birds, and bird’s eggs
strong hands
backbone has more vertebrae than any other primate

26. The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 29
Loris, Malaysia
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 29

27. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
Slow loris
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

28. Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris Suborder
Common Name
Prosimii
tree shrew (insectivore)
lemur
loris
bush baby

29. Galago, or “bush baby” (Lorisiforme)
p. 126
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

30. Taxonomy Prosimii tree shrew (insectivore) lemur loris tarsier
Suborder
Common Name
Prosimii
tree shrew (insectivore)
lemur
loris
bush baby
tarsier

31. Primate taxonomic classification
Tarsier
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

32. Tarsier
North central Indonesia

33. Geographical distribution of modern tarsiers
Borneo
Indonesia
Java
Geographical distribution of modern tarsiers
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

34. Tarsier North central Indonesia extreme development of tarsal bones
smaller than lemur, about the size of a rat
small nose, large goggly eyes
at least 25 genera in Eocene times
(36-58 million yrs. B.P.)
today there is only one
arboreal
nocturnal
180 degree head swivel

35. The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 23
Tarsier, Indonesia
The Primates, Time-Life (1974) p. 23

36. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126
Tarsier
p. 126
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 126

37. Primates
Earliest primates =
Prosimians
(pre-monkeys)

38. Primate taxonomic classification
Prosimians
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123

39. The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64
A Primate Family Tree
The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

40. New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys
ca. 50 mya

41. Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123
Next:
Monkeys
Understanding Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, 9th ed., p. 123