1. Introduction to Primates
. . . or how to make sense out of Ch. 6 and Ch. 7 of the text . . .
Prehistoric Cultures Tim Roufs’ section ©

5. Wikipedia

7. Wikipedia

8. Classification chart (after Linnaeus)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 101

9. Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129

12. pre-monkeys

13. pre-monkeys
prosimians

14. prosimians
monkeys

15. prosimians
monkeys
apes

16. prosimians
monkeys
apes
humans

17. prosimians
monkeys
apes
humans

18. pre-monkeys
monkeys
apes
humans

20. Primates are tropical and temperate climate creatures
Distribution of Nonhuman Primates
Humankind Emerging, 7th ed., p. 93

22. “Times to Remember” WebPage

23. “Times to Remember” WebPage

24. The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64
A Primate Family Tree
The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

25. The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64
A Primate Family Tree
The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

26. The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64
prosimians
monkeys
apes
humans
A Primate Family Tree
The Emergence of Humankind, 4th ed., p. 64

27. prosimians
monkeys
apes
humans

28. prosimians
monkeys
apes
humans

29. Primate taxonomic classification
prosimians
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129

30. Primate taxonomic classification
monkeys
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129

31. Primate taxonomic classification
apes
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129

32. Primate taxonomic classification
hominoids
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129

33. Traditional classification of hominoids
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 209

34. hominoids Primate taxonomic classification
Traditional classification of hominoids
Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129

35. Revised classification of hominoids
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 209

36. Revised classification of hominoids
Note two
additional levels of classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 209

37. Revised classification of hominoids
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 209

38. Revised classification of hominoids
“In this classification, ‘hominin’ is synonymous with the use of ‘hominid’”
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 209

39. to pay attention to, concerning early primates . . .
one more thing
to pay attention to, concerning early primates . . .

40. Wikipedia

41. the original “supercontinent” . . .
Pangea
the original “supercontinent” . . .
Wikipedia

42. Pangea
Wikipedia

43. Mesozoic (ca. 125 m.y.a.) Cenozoic (ca. 65 m.y.a.)
Continental drift
Mesozoic (ca. 125 m.y.a.) Cenozoic (ca. 65 m.y.a.)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 111

44. Mesozoic (ca. 125 m.y.a.) Cenozoic (ca. 65 m.y.a.)
Pangea
Continental drift
Mesozoic (ca. 125 m.y.a.) Cenozoic (ca. 65 m.y.a.)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 111

45. Mesozoic (ca. 125 m.y.a.) Cenozoic (ca. 65 m.y.a.)
Continental drift
Mesozoic (ca. 125 m.y.a.) Cenozoic (ca. 65 m.y.a.)
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 111

46. Pangea Split |

47. Pangea Split |
“Island Effect”

48. Pangea Split |
“Island Effect”

49. Pangea Split |
“Island Effect”
New Adaptations

50. Pangea Split |
“Island Effect”
New Adaptations
New Orders of Creation

51. physical modifications
tree life |
physical modifications

52. earliest primates =
prosimians
(pre-monkeys)

53. improved grasping hand improved opposability more elaborate brains
smelling becomes secondary
color vision
larger eyes
eyes moved forward |

54. Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 122
Gibbon Red Wolf
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 122

55. All of this required increased coordination of senses

56. monkeys use food more efficiently than apes

57. monkeys use food more efficiently than apes |
need for apes to encounter wider and more varied environments

58. monkeys use food more efficiently than apes |
need for apes to encounter wider and more varied environments
greater variety of environments

59. microenvironments

60. microenvironments

61. The African Savannah Illustration by Jay H. Matternes
microenvironments
The African Savannah Illustration by Jay H. Matternes

62. multiplicity of alternatives

63. multiplicity of alternatives|
need for deliberation

64. multiplicity of alternatives|
need for deliberation
requires more time

65. multiplicity of alternatives|
need for deliberation
requires more time
causes delay

66. multiplicity of alternatives|
need for deliberation
requires more time
causes delay

67. therefore life becomes less automatic
and one depends to a greater extent on learning . . .

68. CULTURE
(learned behavior)

69. Detailed information on primates is available on the class website at

71. Primate taxonomic classification
Understanding Humans, 10th ed., p. 129

72. pre-monkeys
monkeys
apes
humans