1. Evolution Review AP Bio

2. What is natural selection? Survival of the fittest Those with the best adaptations survive and reproduce

3. What are the 5 prezygotic barriers? Temporal isolation Habitat isolation Behavioral isolation Mechanical isolation Gametic isolation

4. How old is the Earth? 4.6 Billion years old

5. List the categories of taxonomy. Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

6. What are the 3 domains? Bacteria (prokaryote) Archaea (prokaryote) Eukarya

7. What happens after mass extinctions? Animals that survive reproduce and become more diverse

8. What is Pangaea? The supercontinent that existed 200 mya

9. What can plate tectonics cause? Volcanoes Islands Earthquakes Move continents together or apart Mountains

10. What caused the Cretaceous extinction and how do we know? An asteroid There is a large crater under the Gulf of Mexico with minerals from outer space

11. What are lemurs, and where do they live? Primates Prosimians Madagascar

12. Which ape spends the most time in trees? Gibbons

13. Who is Jane Goodall? English Primatologist Studied chimpanzees Saw them make tools

14. Who is Mary Leakey? Archaeologist Found fossilized footprints and Lucy

15. Who is Lucy? Our ancestor Australopithecus aferensis

16. Who is Ida? 65 myo common ancestor of all primates, including us

17. Which ape are we most closely related to? Chimpanzees

18. Where did modern humans evolve? Africa

19. When did modern humans evolve? 100,000 years ago

20. What was the first major step in human evolution? Evolution of bipedalism

21. List some anthropoids Monkeys Apes Humans

22. List some prosimians Lemurs Tarsiers Lorises

23. List some apes Gorilla Chimp Bonobo Gibbon Orangutan

24. What is an exaptation? When a structure evolves for one purpose and then later is adapted for another Like feathers on dinos then birds

25. What is a phylogenic tree? A diagram that traces evolutionary relationships

26. What is convergent evolution? When 2 species that are not closely related resemble each other because they live in similar environments Like bee wings and bird wings Sharks and dolphins

27. Which kingdoms are included in Domain Eukarya? Monera Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia

28. Which domains are prokaryotic? Bacteria Archaea

29. Which primates have prehensile tails? New World Monkeys

30. What is the oldest known primate group? prosimians

31. When did all primates share a common ancestor? 65 mya

32. Which primates use tools? Chimps Humans

33. Do we come from monkeys? No, we share a common ancestor

34. List the 3 main species of Homo in the order they evolved. Homo habilis Homo erectus Homo sapien

35. Where is the Fertile Crescent and what is it like? The Middle East “Cradle of Civilization” Where culture developed Used to be farms, now it’s a desert due to overgrazing

36. Name some Old World Monkeys Baboons Languar Monkey

37. Name some New World Monkeys. Spider Monkey Tamarin Monkey

38. What caused the adaptive radiation of finches on the Galapagos? Geographic isolation

39. If p is equal to 0.6, what is q? 0.4

40. If 600/1000 people show the dominant phenotype, what is q2? 400/1000 = 0.4 Always always always find q2 first

41. What are the 5 H-W conditions? Large pop Random mating No mutation No gene flow No selection (equal reproductive success)

42. The founder’s effect is an example of what? Genetic drift

43. What do we use phylogenic trees for? To show which organisms/groups of organisms are most closely related

44. What things are homologous to human arms? Whale flipper Bat wing Frog leg Cat arm

45. List King Philip in order Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

46. How do bacteria develop antibiotic resistance? Natural selection Survival of the fittest

47. How did Linnaeus classify organisms? By how they look (physical characteristics)

48. Polyploidy is an example of ______ speciation? sympatric

49. What is a species? A group of individuals that can breed and produce fertile offspring

50. What is adaptive radiation? The evolution of several species from one single species

51. What is kin selection? The survival of related individuals with shared genes due to altruistic behavior

52. What is the founder effect? The establishment of a new, genetically unique population through genetic drift

53. What is convergent evolution? The independent development of similar characteristics in unrelated organisms

54. Which results in more variation, sexual or asexual reproduction? sexual

55. Why are mules sterile? The chromosome number changed and no gametes will pair up the right way