Unit 5 Lesson 3

Key Terms PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION CONTAMINATION Contaminate Contaminant DECONTAMINATION Sanitation DISINFECTION STERILIZATION Dry heat.  

PRINCIPLES OF PREVENTION Proper care must be taken to meet rigorous health standards in order to prevent the spread of disease. Our clients depend upon us to ensure their safety.

CONTAMINATION : Pollution, soiling with infectious matter.

Contaminate To make impure by contact; to taint or pollute .

Contaminant Any substance that causes contamination

DECONTAMINATION The act of removing pathogens and other substances from tools or surfaces

Sanitation Sanitation or sanitizing is simply cleaning; removing all visible dirt and debris is sanitizing.

2. Methods of cleaning: a. scrubbing with a brush b. using an ultrasonic unit c. using a solvent (i.e., metal bits for electric files)

DISINFECTION   Controls microorganisms on nonporous surfaces such as instruments or implements. It is a higher level of decontamination than sanitation. It is second only to sterilization. Does not kill bacterial spores. NOT for use on human skin, hair, nails. Follow directions Products that are developed to be safe may be dangerous if used incorrectly. Disinfectants must be used in strict accordance with directions.

STERILIZATION Highest level of decontamination; destroys all microbial life, and is necessary only when surgical instruments cut into the vascular layers of the body. Kills bacterial spores—the most resistant form of life on Earth. Includes the steam autoclave and dry heat.

Steam autoclave Most popular and preferred due to proven history. Works like a pressure cooker. With steam injection, the temperature is raised above that of boiling water. Will eventually kill all living organisms, including bacterial spores.  

Dry heat Works like an oven. Objects are baked until all forms of life are dead.

IMPORTANT POINT: Don’t use the word “sterilize” incorrectly. You can only sterilize nonporous surfaces, such as metal implements—you cannot sterilize the skin or nails. Sterilization is impractical and unnecessary in salons.  

Key terms efficacy Hospital-level disinfectant pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal. Broad-spectrum disinfectants An EPA-registered hospital liquid disinfectant or bleach solution PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS

CHOOSING A DISINFECTANT Disinfectants are chemicals. We must read and follow directions. Safe products can be harmful if used incorrectly.

Correct efficacy means effectiveness to be used against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Labels must list the germs the product is proven to kill.

Hospital-level disinfectant Must be pseudomonacidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, and virucidal

Disinfection Disinfectant Kill bactericidals harmful bacteria tuberculocidals tuberculosis fungicidals fungus virucidals viruses pseudomonacidals pseudomonas Broad-spectrum disinfectants kill bacteria, viruses, fungi and pseudomonas Chapter 2.2 Salon Ecology Infection Control

An EPA-registered hospital liquid disinfectant or bleach solution for cleanup of blood or body fluid. When salon implements accidentally contact blood, body fluids or unhealthy conditions, they should be cleaned and then completely immersed in an EPA-registered hospital disinfectant solution or 10% bleach solution

PROPER USE OF DISINFECTANTS Clean before immersing.. 1. Use on precleaned, nonporous surfaces. 2. Dilute according to directions. 3. Contact time per directions. 4. Spray on contact time per directions. 5. Spray can’t be used if complete immersion is called for. 6. Use only as directed. Any other use is a violation of federal law. 7. EPA-registered disinfectant in pedicure spa. Solution must be circulated for the time required by label. Absorbent nail files must be disposed of if they accidentally break the client’s skin or contact unhealthy skin or nails.

Key Terms IV. TYPES OF DISINFECTANTS A. QUATS B. PHENOLICS C. ALCOHOL   A. QUATS B. PHENOLICS C. ALCOHOL EPA-registered as disinfectants. BLEACH Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) FUMIGANTS DISINFECTANT SAFETY Multi-use Single-use

A. QUATS Quaternary Ammonium Compounds. 1. Nontoxic, odorless, fast-acting. Safe and useful disinfectants. 2. Most disinfect in 10 minutes. 3. Long-term exposure may damage fine steel. 4. Complete immersion. Means enough liquid to cover all surfaces of the item being disinfected.

B. PHENOLICS disinfectants are powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants. 1. A caustic poison. Safe and effective if used properly. 2. Can damage rubber and plastic. 3. Avoid skin contact. Have high pH and can cause skin irritation; concentrated phenols can seriously burn skin and eyes.

ALCOHOL 1. Methyl alcohol Methanol—not used in salons. 2. Ethyl alcohol Ethanol—to be effective, must be no less than 70%. 3. Isopropyl alcohol Rubbing alcohol; must be 99% to be effective. Alcohols are not

EPA-registered as disinfectants. They are not permitted for use with Implements in states requiring hospital-level disinfection.

BLEACH Sodium hypochlorite (household bleach) effective as a disinfectantin the salon. Effective as a laundering additive. Too much bleach can damage some metals and plastics To mix bleach solution, add 1 cup tD. o 1 gallon of water (128 ounces).

FUMIGANTS They contain formaldehyde vapors that may cause cancer in high concentrations. High risk of developing allergic sensitivity as well. 1. Must be kept in airtight container. It takes 24 hours to kill one fungus. 2. Vapors are poisonous. Also extremely irritating to eyes, nose, throat, lungs, and can cause skin allergies. 3. Incorrect use violates federal law. 4. Can aggravate lung problems.

F. DISINFECTANT SAFETY Disinfectants are hazardous if used incorrectly. Some are poisonous if ingested; some cause skin and eye damage. 1. Wear gloves and safety glasses. See Figure 5–14. 2. Add disinfectant to water. Never add water to disinfectant. 3. Use tongs, gloves, or draining basket. Do this when removing implements from disinfectants. 4. Keep away from children. 5. Don’t pour quats, phenols, etc. over hands. Wash your hands with soap and warm water and dry thoroughly. 6. Carefully weigh and measure products. 7. Never place in unmarked container. 8. Always follow manufacturer’s directions. 9. Avoid overexposure. Change disinfectant soak solution daily or more often if it becomes soiled or contaminated.

Multi-use 1. Reusable and can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person such as nippers, shears, combs, pushers, some files and buffers. 2. Single-use Disposable items cannot be used more than once (either because they cannot be properly cleaned or cleaning damages them). Examples are orangewood sticks, cotton balls, gauze, tissues, paper towels, and some nail files and buffers. 3. Porous Items made or constructed of an absorbent material. Some can be cleaned and disinfected. Examples are towels, chamois, some nail files and buffers.

2. Single-use Disposable items cannot be used more than once (either because they cannot be properly cleaned or cleaning damages them). Examples are orangewood sticks, cotton balls, gauze, tissues, paper towels, and some nail files and buffers. 3. Porous Items made or constructed of an absorbent material. Some can be cleaned and disinfected. Examples are towels, chamois, some nail files and buffers.