The Market Revolution 1800-1840
A New Economy Created by innovations in transportation and communication Roads were primitive Transporting of goods was difficult if you didn’t live near water or a major city-Ex. New York, Boston, Philadelphia
The American System The end of the War of 1812 started a movement of national pride known as the “Era of Good Feelings” War also showed the improvement the US needed to make in the area of roads and transportation Senators Henry Clay (Kentucky) and John C. Calhoun (South Carolina) knew both industry and transportation needed help from the national government
American system also supported by President James Monroe Goal was to become economically independent of Britain American system had three parts: A new national bank. The charter for the First B.U.S. expired in 1811 A protective tariff on imports to help American industry Federal funding of “internal improvements”
New B.U.S. starts in 1816 with a 20 year charter New tariff in 1816
New Technologies Steamboats Canals Railroad Telegraph-Samuel B. Morse Roads-Toll Roads-”Turnpikes”
Cumberland Road (1818-1838)
Erie Canal “Clinton’s Big Ditch” 363 miles Completed in 1825 Links East Coast to the Great Lakes and trade in the Northwest Funded entirely by New York State $7 million
Railroads and The Telegraph Railroads opened territories to settlement and coal mining Building of the Baltimore and Ohio (B and O) railroad began in 1828 By 1860, there was 30,000 miles of railroad Telegraph developed by Samuel F.B. Morse during the 1830’s Morse code
The Rise of the West Between 1790 and 1840, 4.5 million people crossed the Appalachian Mountains By 1840, the total population of people living west of the AM was 7 million people 6 new states came into the Union In 1819, Spain ceded Florida to the US Adams-Onis Treaty First Seminole War Trouble for Andrew Jackson?
Cotton After 1824, rise of sectionalism North-Industrial, West-land, railroads, mining, South-Cotton and Tobacco The South’s climate made it good for cotton growing Tobacco exhausted the soil Invention of the Cotton Gin by Eli Whitney
Cotton and Slavery Around 1 million slaves came to the Deep South (Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama) between 1800 and 1860 Massive slave market develops within the US after 1808 1793-5 million pounds of cotton 1820-170 million
Immigration 1841-1845 430,000 1846-1850 1,283,000 1851-1855 1,748,000 1856-1860 850,000
Two main groups were Irish and Germans Irish-Potato Famine Germans-Land, Religious Freedom Revolutions-1830’s and 1840’s in Europe
Rise of Nativism Those who opposed Irish immigration were known as nativists Term nativists comes from native born Americans Nativists opposed the Irish because of their religion Also blamed them for problems in society- crime, political corruption, drinking alcohol, taking away jobs from native born Americans
The Second Great Awakening Starts at the beginning of the 19th Century Most popular in the 1820’s and 1830’s Many reform movements in our country Reverend Charles Grandison Finney Month long meetings in upstate New York and New York City Warned of hell for those who lead a sinful life New technologies allowed message to spread quickly SGA led to an explosion of new Christian dominations Ex. Mormons under Joseph Smith in upstate New York
Cult of Domesticity Work opportunities for married women were closed to them during the Market Revolution COD was a new definition of femininity Woman’s “place” was in the home Roles included love, friendship, mutual obligation, sheltering men from the competitive marketplace
“Woman, a Source of Comfort” “Woman, a Being to Come Home to” “Woman, Man’s Best Friend”