The kinetic theory of matter can be used To explain how molecules move.

The kinetic theory has 3 main parts… All matter is made up of atoms and Molecules that act like tiny particles These tiny particles are always in motion At the same temperature, heavy particles Move slower and lighter particles move Faster.

Solids have a definite shape and volume. Liquids change shape but not volume. Gases are free to spread out in all directions. Plasma is the 4 th state of matter, Scientists estimate that 99% of all Matter in the universe is plasma.

Energy is the ability to change or To move matter. Because all particles are in motion They have kinetic energy. Thermal energy is the total kinetic Energy of the particles that make up Than object.

A change in state, is a physical change. Changes in state will either take in Energy or give off energy. Evaporation is the change in state From a liquid to a gas.

Sublimation is a change from a Solid to a gas. Condensation is the change from A gas to a liquid.

THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS Matter cannot be created or destroyed.

THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY energy cannot be created or destroyed.

Liquids and gases are states of matter That do not have a fixed shape. They both have the ability to flow, And are referred to as fluids.

 A force applied to a fluid creates pressure.  Pressure acts in all directions, not just the direction of the applied force.

 The S.I. unit of force is the pascal.  One pascal (unit of force) is one newton of force per square meter of area (N/m 2 ).

Pascal’s principle states that the Pressure of a fluid is the same everywhere. Pressure = Force Area FAFA FAFA =

In a hydraulic lift, what force do you Need to lift a 19000N car? Area of piston #1 Is 10.5, and Piston #2 is 400. Answer = 499N Page 85

 Viscosity is the property of fluids that causes friction.  Viscosity is determined in large part by the shape and size of the particles in a liquid.

 Buoyancy is a measure of the upward force a fluid exerts on an object that is submerged. The water in the pool exerts an upward force that acts in a direction opposite to the boy’s weight.

 In the third century BC, a Greek mathematician named Archimedes realized that buoyant force is equal to the weight of fluid displaced by an object.

 Apparent density determines whether an object sinks or floats.

 Bernoulli’s principle tells us that the energy of any sample of fluid moving along a streamline is constant.  One of the most important applications of Bernoulli’s principle is the airfoil shape of wings on a plane.  When a plane is moving, the pressure on the top surface of the wings is lower than the pressure beneath the wings.  The difference in pressure is what creates the lift force that supports the plane in the air.

Gases have no definite shape or volume. Gases expand to fill their container.

Gas particles move rapidly in All directions. Gases are fluids. Gas molecules are in constant motion. Gases have a very low density because Their particles are so far apart. Gases are compressible.

There are 3 laws to describe The behavior of gases.  When you squeeze a fixed quantity of gas into a smaller volume the pressure goes up.  This rule is known as Boyle’s law.

 A hot-air balloon floats because the air inside is less dense than the air outside.  The balloon example illustrates an important relationship, known as Charles’s law, discovered by Jacques Charles in  According to Charles’ law, the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature..

Gay-Lussac’s Law states that When the pressure of a gas increases, So does the temperature.