CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten

History of Cinematography Thomas Edison- inventor of motion pictures William Dickson- invented picture camera (1888) Persistence of Vision- eye retains image for fraction of a second Lumiere brothers- brought projection to movies and opened the first movie house in Paris in 1895 Adding Sound- first movie with sound was the “dancing men” in 1896, followed by The Jazz Singer of Warner Brothers 1927 By ,000 movie houses were equipped with sound nation-wide and color pictures were made available

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Early Movie House

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten The four Warner brothers (from left to right, Sam, Harry, Jack, and Albert) founded Warner Bros. Pictures, Inc. in The studio pioneered sound films, releasing its first sound motion picture, The Jazz Singer, in 1927.

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Crises That Reshaped Hollywood Hollywood 10- in 1947, 47 screenwriters, directors, and actors were summoned to answer questions about communist influence in Hollywood 10 witnesses refused to answer and was one of the largest manifestations of McCarthyism Vertical Integration- controlling the product from inception to consumption; started Adolph Zukor Court Bans on Vertical Integration- U.S. Justice Department began litigation against VI in 1948; this shook the whole economic structure on which Hollywood was based

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Movies and Television Continuous battle between the movie and television industries –¾ of movie industry’s production today is for TV –Ex. HBO Movie-makers were loosing audiences and so resorted to high-budget motion pictures called spectaculars (1950’s) CinemaScope – image was 2.5 times wider By 1985, 59% of ticket sales went to people between the ages of 12 and 24, which means movies were being produced for a younger crowd, however, large box-office hits crossover audiences

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten

Movie Finances Many movies are financed by major studios w/ profits from their earlier movies Most movies originate with independent producers –Get profits from major studios –Representatives are sent to shooting site Investor groups –Groups put together to fund movies for major studios –Ex. Silver Screen Partners – helped Disney in 1980s Banks – studios get loans

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Movie Censorship Morality –Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America – 1922 Hollywood attempt to establish moral code for movies. –Motion Picture Production Code – 1930 Hollywood attempt to quiet critical moralists (no harsh language, nothing sexual, and no bad guys going unpunished) –Legion of Decency – Church listing of acceptable movies organized by U.S bishops (1934)

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Classification and Rating Administration Board – 1968 –No movies banned and no fines –Board of movie producers, distributors, importers, and exhibitors Categories – G, PG, PG-13, R, NC-17 Violence in movies marketed towards children- controversial –Sony acknowledged that it had included children as young as 9 in their focus group fro R-rated movies. –Congress told movie companies to clean up their acts or they would face government regulation; they said they would Motion Picture Association of America

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Movie Reviews Somewhat Reliable –Number of tickets sold –Single weekend success –Number of screens –Trailers –

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Movie Criticism Critics –Produce helpful reviews and commentaries –Cut through hype and dazzle Best Sources –New Yorker magazine –New York Times

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Top Earning Movies for October 28, 2001 K-PAX $4,380,000 3 day total gross $17,220,000 Thirteen Ghosts $3,910,000 3 day total gross $15,170,000 From Hell $1,630, day total gross $20,700,000 Source:

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Top Earning Movies of All Time Titanic –$ million Star Wars –$460.9 million Star Wars- The Phantom Menace –$418.5 million E.T. –$399.9 million Jurassic Park –$357.1 million

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten The Future of Movies 2000 season – no blockbusters Exhibition has shrunk dramatically –Peak attendance: 1946 at 90 million –1950 dropped to 60 million, then 46 million in 1955 –Today only about 19 million people go to the movies per week Studios can survive –Into records, video products, merchandise tie-ins (toys, soundtracks, product placements) and news

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten People in the Movie Industry Robert Flaherty- made the first documentary in 1921 Steven Spielberg- has produced such movies as ET, Jurassic Park, and AI Michael Eisner- head of the Disney Corporation Jack Valenti- created the original G through X rating system in 1968

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten MTV Movie Awards

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten Web Sites www. ultimatemovieclips.com Pagename=pastwinners&year=2001

CMM 201 Church, Klakamp, Sletten The End