The Hypothalamus Anatomy and Function.

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Presentation transcript:

The Hypothalamus Anatomy and Function

The Hypothalamus General Anatomy Functional Considerations Gross Anatomy Nuclei Fiber Connections Functional Considerations Autonomic The "Four F's" Other Functions

What are the five regions of the hypothalamus What are the five regions of the hypothalamus? What are some key nuclei in each region.

Gross anatomy of the Hypothalamus Median Eminence Infundibulum Pituitary Stalk Tuber Cinereum Mammilary Bodies Five Regions of Nuclei Optic Chiasm Pons

Regions of the Hypothalamus Anterior Region Medial Region Lateral Region Infundibular Region Tuberal Posterior Region

Nuclei of the Hypothalamus Anterior Hypothalamus Preoptic Suprachiasmatic Medial Hypothalamus Ventromedial Nucleus Supraoptic Paraventricular Lateral Hypothalamus Lateral Nuclei Medial Forebrain Bundle (fibers) http://www.hms.harvard.edu/research/brain/atlas.html

Nuclei of the Hypothalamus Infundibular Hypothalamus Tuberal Nuclei Posterior Hypothalamus Posterior Nuclei Mammilary Body Nuclei http://www-medlib.med.utah.edu/kw/sol/sss/mml/sol02273.jpg How do these nuclei connect?

What are the main inputs to the hypothalamus What are the main inputs to the hypothalamus? Which are descending and which are ascending inputs?

Inputs to the Hypothalamus Ascending Spinal Cord Direct Via Reticular Formation Sensory Cranial Nerves Descending Hippocampus (via Fornix) Amygdala (via Stria terminalis and Amygdalo-hypothalamic tract) Septal Nuclei (via MFB) Accumbens (via MFB) Hippocampus Amygdala Septal NAcs Hypothalamus Reticular Nuclei Spinal Cord Cranial Nerves

What are the main output of the hypothalamus (neuronal or other) What are the main output of the hypothalamus (neuronal or other)? Which are ascending and which are descending?

Descending Outputs of the Hypothalamus Spinal Cord Hypothalamospinal tract Sympathetic - Lateral Horn Somatic - Ventral Horn Cranial Nerve Nuclei Parasympathetic Somatic Reticular Formation Pituitary Gland Endocrine System Hypothalamus Brainstem Cranial Motor Nuclei Reticular Nuclei Spinal Cord

Ascending Outputs of the Hypothalamus Mammilothalamic Tract Anterior Thalamus Medial Forebrain Bundle Septal Nuclei Nucleus Accumbens Cerebral Cortex (Orbitofrontal) Cerebral Cortex MFB Septal NAcs Ant Thal MTT Hypothalamus

What is the function of the different regions of the hypothalamus?

Functions of the Hypothalamus The Classic Autonomic Control The Four Fs A Laundry List of Functions

Functions of the Hypothalamus I Controls Autonomic Nervous System Anterior Stimulation elicits parasympathetic responses Posterior Stimulation elicits sympathetic responses Lesion Effects Damage to Hypothalamospinal Tract in Lateral Medulla Horner’s Syndrome

Functions of the Hypothalamus II --The Four Fs Feeding Fighting Fleeing Reproduction

Feeding Disorders Hyperphagia Aphagia Water Consumption Regulation Ventromedial Nucleus Aphagia Lateral Hypothalamus Water Consumption Regulation Adipsia and Polydipsia

Fighting and Fleeing Sham Rage - Undirected Agression Damage to Descending Hypothalamic Inputs produces Sham Rage Hypothalamus produces rage, Cortex Controls it Affective Disorders Fear and Phobia

Reproductive Behaviors Anterior Hypothalamus "Sex Center" Lesions Reduce Drive Stimulation - Hypersexuality Control of Sex Hormones Sexual Dimorphism

Functions of Hypothalamus III Motivation Self-Stimulation Memory Korsakov’s Syndrome Temperature Regulation Circadian (etc.) Rhythms Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Pituitary Control

Pituitary Control Endocrine Hormone Regulation Pituitary Gland Made in Hypothalamus Vasopressin(ADH), Oxytocin Made in Pituitary Somatotropin, Somatostatin, ACTH, FSH, etc. Pituitary Gland Posterior Lobe Hypothalamic Axons Only Anterior Lobes True Gland Cells

Pituitary Posterior Lobe Nuclei Supraoptic Paraventricular Nuclei Hormones Oxytocin Vasopressin/Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) Direct Release into Blood System

Pituitary Anterior Lobe Tuberal Nuclei (et. al.) Releasing Factor Peptides GH-RF TSH - RF Etc Portal Capillary System Anterior Lobe Gland Cells Hormone Proteins GH TSH

Next Time Limbic System

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