Master’s Project Report 4/25/ Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa Methodology for Choosing Datacenter for Cloud Providers in West Africa Region

Introduction Why Africa The proposed Methodology Selection Results Lessons Learned Future Work Conclusion 4/25/ Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa Agenda

 Research and process for selecting the best location to build data centers for cloud providers in West Africa.  Main Considerations: Network performance, Costs, Submarine cables Other factors : Environmental, Economical and Politics stabilities. 4/25/ Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

 Lack of information regarding to data centers in Africa.  Demand of the services  Globalizations moment  Cloud provider numbers 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa4

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa5

 McConnell A., Parr G.P., Mc Clean S.I., Khan, K [38]  Khosrow Ebrahimi, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer [11]  In terms of Africa’s network connectivity, M. Zennaro, E. Canessa, K.R. Sreenivasan, A.A. Rehmatullah and R.L. [12]  Sanjay M. Parekh, Robert B. Friedman, Neal K. Tibrewala, and Benjamin Lutch [28] 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa6

Number of data centers 4/25/ Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa8

 Growing demand 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa9

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa10

Geographical & Climate Characteristics of the region  Climate & topography of the continent  Tornados & Hurricanes & Tsunami  Earthquake  Politic Systems on the region  Economic Status 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa11

 Intel Considerations are : WAN infrastructure availability of water for cooling Also, costs workforce, water, power or landscape.  HP Considerations are : size, price and geographical quality of the land, the availability of power and communication network in the region. Cost of Operations [ electricity, water, network access, Free cooling] 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa12

 Methodology is mix of Intel, HP and IBM approaches  Main considerations : ◦ Costs of Powering, Cooling and landscape. ◦ Communication network and their capabilities. Secondary considerations :  Politics status  Geographical & Climate location  Submarine cables  Economy 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa13

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa14 Senegal, Guinea, Liberia, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Cameron, Cote d'ivoire, Congo, Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Namibia.

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa15

 Network measurements ◦ Latency ◦ Round Trip Time ◦ Packet loss ◦ Bandwidth 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa16

 Network measurements Amazon Linux AMI machines In Singapore, Sydney and Sao Paulo Linux commands : Ping and Traceroute Tool used : Nmap ( Network mapper) Visual route 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa17

 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa18 CountryLatencyRound trip timePacket lossNumber of Hops Ghana ms220 ms10 %17 South Africa ms265 ms0%20 Senegal ms182 ms0%17 Nigeria ms182 ms0%18

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa19 CountryLatency Round trip time Packet loss Number of Hops Ghana ms270 ms0%12 South Africa ms476 ms0%20 Senegal ms236 ms0%13 Nigeria ms274 ms0%19

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa20 CountryLatencyRound trip timePacket loss Number of Hops Ghana ms440 ms0%17 South Africa ms493 ms0%25 Senegal ms428 ms0%17 Nigeria ms448 ms0%23

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa21 CountryLatencyRound trip timePacket lossNumber of Hops Ghana ms312 ms0%14 South Africa ms343 ms0%16 Senegal ms281 ms0%14 Nigeria ms297 ms0%12

 cs701]$ ping -c  PING ( ) 56(84) bytes of data.  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=1 ttl=43 time=981 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=2 ttl=43 time=983 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=3 ttl=43 time=973 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=4 ttl=43 time=968 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=5 ttl=43 time=972 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=6 ttl=43 time=960 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=7 ttl=43 time=1003 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=9 ttl=43 time=967 ms  64 bytes from : icmp_seq=10 ttl=43 time=972 ms  ping statistics ---  10 packets transmitted, 9 received, 10% packet loss, time 8997ms  rtt min/avg/max/mdev = / / / ms, pipe 2 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa22 Ghana Observation core4.LDN- London.as6453.net Goes to WASC submarine cables TATA

 Estimating the Coast of Space, Cooling and Powering Data center  Estimation based on HP “Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data center”  Assumptions  Facility size is sq ft  10 MW datacenter 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa23

 Cost of Space 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa24 Country Average rent (per sq ft) Lagos, Nigeria $6.48 – 8.00 Accra, Ghana$ Dakar, Senegal $ 5.5 – 9.5 Cape Town, South Africa $

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa25 Countr y Rate/sqft / Unit Lagos, Nigeria $ 0.072/ft Accra, Ghana $ /ft Dakar, Senegal $0.151 /ft Cape Town, SA $ 0.172

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa26 Country Rate / sqft Lagos, Nigeria $0.017/ft Accra, Ghana 0.030/ft Dakar, Senegal 0.040/ft Cape Town, SA 0.047/ft

4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa27

CountryNigeriaSenegalSouth AfricaGhana North America1143 Singapore2143 Sydney2143 Brazil2143 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa28 Ranking the countries based on RTT

 Bandwidth 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa29 X

 Total Space, Power and Cooling costs 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa30

 Difficults to find … data  The real estate are eager to help.  … 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa31

 Relevant criteria to select the best location of data center for a cloud provider should be identified.  The data gathered from latency, round trip time and bandwidth should be gained from relevant data center of a cloud provider in real world.  Review Ping and trace utility data multiple time in different times. 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa32

 Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana and South Africa are the ideal locations to host data center for cloud provider.  Nigeria has the most suitable features to host one.  Africa has a good opportunity to host datacenter for a cloud provide.  Costs of datacenter may be vary from city to other one. 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa33

 Amazon Web Services. (2014). Global Infrastructure. Retrieved from aws/globalinfrastructure/  Rath, John. DATA CENTER SITE SELECTION. Tech. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.  "BlackSwan Zine." Data Center: 10 Places You Don’t Want to Build. Blackswanzine, Web. 2 Jan  [4] Chang, Shin-Jyh Frank, Susmit Harihar Patel, and James Marc Withers. "An optimization model to determine data center locations for the army enterprise."Military Communications Conference, MILCOM IEEE. IEEE,  [5] Hugos, M. H., & Hulitzky, D. (2011). Business in the cloud: What every business needs to know about cloud computing. New York: Wiley.  [6] Lanier, J. (2013). Who owns the future?. London: Allen Lane.  [7] Wang, L. (2012). Cloud computing: Methodology, systems, and applications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.  [8] Agrawal, G. P. (2010). Fiber-optic communication systems (Vol. 222). John Wiley & Sons.  [9] "How to Meet a Growing Need for More Data Center Capacity." IBM, Sept Web. Oct  [10] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001):  [11] Ebrahimi, Khosrow, Gerard F. Jones, and Amy S. Fleischer. "A review of data center cooling technology, operating conditions and the corresponding low-grade waste heat recovery opportunities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 31 (2014):  [12] Zennaro, M., et al. "Scientific Measure of Africa's Connectivity." Information Technologies & International Development 3.1 (2006).  [13] Nozick, Linda K., and Mark A. Turnquist. "A two-echelon inventory allocation and distribution center location analysis." Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 37.6 (2001):  [14] Cloud Computing in Africa Situation and Perspectives. Tech. ITU, 20 Apr Web. Feb.-Mar  [15] Data Center Map." - Colocation, Cloud, Managed Hosting Etc. N.p., n.d. Web. Mar  [16] Submarine Telecoms INDUSTRY REPORT. Rep. Terabit Consulting, Web.  [17] African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. African Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania. Web. 15 Feb  [18] Pappa, Farrah. "The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning." The Do's and Dont's of Data Center Planning. Web. 15 Feb  [19] Map of Earthquakes Today." Map of Earthquakes Today. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar  [20] Earthquakes.Web. Feb /25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa34

 [21] P&S. "Tsunami Strikes African Coast." Tsunami Strikes African Coast. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Mar  [22] "Nigeria Economy Set to Leapfrog South Africa on Data Revamp."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 7 May Web. 11 Apr  [23] Nigeria. Official Website. Web. Feb  [24] "Selecting A Data Center Site: Intel's Approach." N.p., Feb Web. Feb  [25] Selecting a Location for an HPC Data Centre. Tech. N.p.: n.p., Web..  [26] "Africa’s International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World." Africa's International Bandwidth Growth to Lead the World. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar  [27] Hurricanes VS Tornadoes. Diffen, n.d. Web. Mar  [28] Parekh, Sanjay M., et al. "Systems and methods for determining collecting and using geographic locations of Internet users." U.S. Patent No. 6,757, Jun  [29] Nmap Free Security Scannar. Web. Jan  [30] TATA, n.d. Web. Apr  [31] Patel, Chandrakant D., and Amip J. Shah. "Cost model for planning, development and operation of a data center." (2005).  [32] "Nigeria Becomes Africa's Biggest Economy." BBC. N.p., 06 Apr Web. 06 Apr  [33] "Cloud Uptake Set to Explode Across Africa." Cisco. Web. 26 Mar  [34] Hanson, Stephanie. "Nigeria’s Creaky Political System." Council on Foreign Relations, Apr Web..  [35] "Top 10 Internet Countries in Africa." PC Tech Magazine. N.p., Feb Web. Apr  [36] "Political System." Wikipedia. Web. Mar  [37] "GLOBAL BROADBAND." Netindex. N.p., n.d. Web. Feb  [38] McConnell, A., et al. "Selecting a Data C based Location." 4/25/2014 Ahmed- Public Cloud Location in Africa35