1. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 1 From measurement to policy-making: The DOI From measurement to policy-making: The DOI as a policy tool “Digital Transformations in the Information Society” International Telecommunication Union & the London Business School Joint Conference Geneva, Switzerland 2 June 2006 Lilia Perez-Chavolla, Ph.D. ITU Strategy and Policy Unit

2. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 2 The DOI as a policy tool  Comprehensive statistical framework to monitor the digital divide  Frame of reference for comparisons across time  With other countries/regions of interest  Nationally, to evaluate progress achieved on national ICT goals and impact of particular policy measures  Tool for monitoring internal disparities in ICT opportunity, infrastructure and utilisation based on classificatory variables of interest (income, age, gender, etc.)

3. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 3 Regional Comparisons Source: ITU World Information Society Report.

4. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 4 Developing giants lead the gainers… O = Opportunity I = Infrastructure U = Utilisation Source: ITU World Information Society Report.

5. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 5 DOI Results for Africa Source: ITU World Information Society Report.  32 of the 41 countries with DOI scores below 0.2 are in Africa  62 percent of the African countries included in the Index are ranked among the lowest scores for Opportunity, Infrastructure and Utilisation.

6. TUNISIA MOROCCO SAHARA ALGERIA MAURITANIA MALI NIGER LIBYA CHAD EGYPT SUDAN ETHIOPIA DJIBOUTI ERITREA SOMALIA KENYA TANZANIA DEMOCRATIC (ZAIRE) CENTRAL RWANDA GABON EQUATORIAL ANGOLA CONGO NIGERIA BENIN DTVOIRE SIERRA SENEGAL GHANA THE GUINEA LIBERIA CAMEROON SOUTH AFRICA MALAWI ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR ZIMBABWE BOTSWANA SWAZILAND LESOTHO NAMIBIA ANGOLA WESTERN UGANDA OF THE CONGO REPUBLIC BURUNDI GUINEA REP. OF TOGO COTE BURKINA GUINEA LEONE GAMBIA BISSAU Walvis Bay SOUTH REPUBLIC AFRICAN THE AFRICA Top 15 (Mauritius, 0.48 - Eq. Guinea, 0.26) Bottom 15 (Chad, 0.01 - Kenya, 0.13) CAPE VERDE SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SEYCHELLES MAURITIUS Highest DOI score: Republic of Korea, 0.79 Africa’s top and bottom 15: DOI Rankings Source: ITU World Information Society Report.

7. TUNISIA MOROCC O SAHARA ALGERI A MAURITANI A MALI NIGE R LIBY A CHA D EGYPT SUDAN ETHIOPIA DJIBOUTI ERITREA SOMALI A KENYA TANZANIA DEMOCRATIC (ZAIRE) CENTRA L RWANDA GABON EQUATORIAL ANGOLA CONGO NIGERIA BENI N DTVOIRE SIERRA SENEGAL GHAN A THE GUINEA LIBERIA CAMEROON SOUTH AFRICA MALAWI ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR ZIMBABWE BOTSWANA SWAZILAND LESOTHO NAMIBIA ANGOLA WESTERN UGANDA OF THE CONGO REPUBLIC BURUNDI GUINEA REP. OF TOGO COTE BURKINA GUINEA LEONE GAMBIA BISSAU Walvis Bay SOUTH REPUBLIC AFRICAN THE AFRICA Top 15 (Eq, Guinea, 0.73 - Mauritius, 0.98) Bottom 15 (Chad, 0.03 - Kenya, 0.34) CAPE VERDE SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SEYCHELLES MAURITIUS Highest Opportunity score: Hong Kong, 0.99 Highs and lows in Opportunity Source: ITU World Information Society Report.

8. TUNISIA MOROCC O SAHARA ALGERI A MAURITANI A MALI NIGE R LIBY A CHA D EGYPT SUDAN ETHIOPIA DJIBOUTI ERITREA SOMALI A KENYA TANZANIA DEMOCRATIC (ZAIRE) CENTRA L RWANDA GABON EQUATORIAL ANGOLA CONGO NIGERIA BENI N DTVOIRE SIERRA SENEGAL GHAN A THE GUINEA LIBERIA CAMEROON SOUTH AFRICA MALAWI ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR ZIMBABWE BOTSWANA SWAZILAND LESOTHO NAMIBIA ANGOLA WESTERN UGANDA OF THE CONGO REPUBLIC BURUNDI GUINEA REP. OF TOGO COTE BURKINA GUINEA LEONE GAMBIA BISSAU Walvis Bay SOUTH REPUBLIC AFRICAN THE AFRICA Top 15 (Senegal, 0.06 - Mauritius, 0.4) Bottom 15 (Chad, 0.006 - Zambia, 0.01) CAPE VERDE SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SEYCHELLES MAURITIUS Highest Infrastructure score: Denmark, 0.75 In Infrastructure… Source: ITU World Information Society Report.

9. TUNISIA MOROCCO SAHARA ALGERIA MAURITANIA MALI NIGER LIBYA CHAD EGYPT SUDAN ETHIOPIA DJIBOUTI ERITREA SOMALIA KENYA TANZANIA DEMOCRATIC (ZAIRE) CENTRAL RWANDA GABON EQUATORIAL ANGOLA CONGO NIGERIA BENIN DTVOIRE SIERRA SENEGAL GHANA THE GUINEA LIBERIA CAMEROON SOUTH AFRICA MALAWI ZAMBIA MOZAMBIQUE MADAGASCAR ZIMBABWE BOTSWANA SWAZILAND LESOTHO NAMIBIA ANGOLA WESTERN UGANDA OF THE CONGO REPUBLIC BURUNDI GUINEA REP. OF TOGO COTE BURKINA GUINEA LEONE GAMBIA BISSAU Walvis Bay SOUTH REPUBLIC AFRICAN THE AFRICA Top 15 (Swaziland, 0.01 - Morocco, 0.23) Bottom 15 (Niger, 0.0005 - Eritrea, 0.002) CAPE VERDE SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SEYCHELLES MAURITIUS Highest Utilisation score: Republic of Korea, 0.64 and Utilisation… Source: ITU World Information Society Report.

10. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 10 Disparities in Opportunity, Infrastructure, and Utilisation across Africa

11. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 11 DOI and Income in Africa  As with other regions, DOI scores for African countries illustrate the relation between per capita income and telecom development

12. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 12 Mobile and Fixed Tracks: Africa

13. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 13 Mobile penetration and affordability in Africa

14. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 14 Internet use and affordability in Africa

15. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 15 Tracking national gaps: The example of Brazil  Urban/rural disparities  Higher scores for states with large urban areas and/or greater administrative and economic importance for the country

16. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 16 Brazil’s regional DOI scores

17. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 17 A look at a gender-focused DOI: The Czech Republic Source: ITU/KADO project, UNDP, and the Czech Statistical Office

18. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 18 Disaggregating by gender  Affordability differences and cultural factors impact women’s levels of opportunity and utilisation Czech Republic

19. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 19 Policy Options Note: Items in blue refer to policy instruments considered incompatible with competitive policies. Based on J. Bauer 2004.

20. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 20 Some key challenges  Better integration of ICT policies and national development plans  Designing sustainable policies that respond to a rapidly changing and complex telecom environment  Improving the national data collection process  Cooperation and coordination between ICT Ministries, regulators, NSOs, industry, and other stakeholders to match policy priorities and info needs  Collection of disaggregated data for classificatory variables of interest

21. BUILDING THE INFORMATION SOCIETY 2 June 2006 21 Thank you Lilia Perez-Chavolla lilia.perez-chavolla@itu.int lilia@nrri.osu.edu Thank you