C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to THE ENGLISH COLONIES (1605–1735) Section 1: The Virginia Colony Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience Section 3: The New England Colonies Section 4: The Southern and Middle Colonies Chapter 4

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  Why were people in England interested in founding Jamestown, and when was the colony established?  How did the Jamestown colonists interact with local American Indians?  How did the English plantation system begin?  What role did indentured servants and enslaved Africans have in Virginia’s economy? Section 1: The Virginia Colony

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Jamestown, Virginia The London Company desired to begin a settlement without depending on the wealth of one person. Thus, they founded Jamestown, Virginia, a joint-stock company, on April 26, Section 1: The Virginia Colony

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to The Colonists Interact with the Powhatan Indians The Powhatan Indians aided the colonists by: The Powhatan Indians aided the colonists by: giving them food giving them food teaching them how to grow corn teaching them how to grow corn Sometimes there were disputes between the two over land. Sometimes there were disputes between the two over land. Section 1: The Virginia Colony

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to How Plantations Formed Plantations formed when tobacco farmers founded large farms. Plantations formed when tobacco farmers founded large farms. Plantations were made possible by the headright system. Plantations were made possible by the headright system. Section 1: The Virginia Colony Headright system – system set up by the London Company that gave 50 acres of land to colonists who paid their own way to Virginia

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to The Role of Indentured Servants and Enslaved Africans in Virginia’s Economy Indentured servants and enslaved Africans supplied labor for the farms and plantations. Indentured servants and enslaved Africans supplied labor for the farms and plantations. Some became successful farmers when their contracts ended. Some became successful farmers when their contracts ended. Widespread use of slave labor helped some people become rich. Widespread use of slave labor helped some people become rich. Section 1: The Virginia Colony

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  Why did the Pilgrims come to America?  What was the Mayflower compact, and why was it important?  What was life like in the Plymouth colony? Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Pilgrims came to America to: escape religious persecution in that country escape religious persecution in that country practice their religion freely practice their religion freely Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Mayflower Compact and Its Importance The Mayflower Compact was a document written by the Pilgrims that established guidelines for the first form of self-government in the English colonies. Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Life in the Plymouth Colony The Pilgrims formed a strong community. The Pilgrims formed a strong community. The Pilgrims taught their children to read and offered some education to their indentured servants. The Pilgrims taught their children to read and offered some education to their indentured servants. The family served as the center of religious life, health care, and community well-being. The family served as the center of religious life, health care, and community well-being. All family members worked together to survive during the early years of the colony. All family members worked together to survive during the early years of the colony. Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Life in the Plymouth Colony Women… Women… Cooked, spun and wove wool, and sewed clothing Cooked, spun and wove wool, and sewed clothing Made soap and butter carried water, dried fruit, and cared for livestock Made soap and butter carried water, dried fruit, and cared for livestock Had the right to sign contracts and to bring certain cases before local courts Had the right to sign contracts and to bring certain cases before local courts Widows could own property Widows could own property Married and widowed women could get licenses to run inns and to sell liquor Married and widowed women could get licenses to run inns and to sell liquor (continued) Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Life in the Plymouth Colony Men Men Spent most of their time repairing tools and working in the fields Spent most of their time repairing tools and working in the fields Chopped wood and built shelters Chopped wood and built shelters (continued) Section 2: The Pilgrims’ Experience

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  What was the Great Migration, and why did it occur?  What role did religion and the church play in Massachusetts Bay Colony?  How did the Puritans respond to dissenters? Section 3: The New England Colonies

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Great Migration – mass migration of thousands of English people to the Americas that took place between 1630 and 1640 caused by the following problems in England: economic economic political political social social Section 3: The New England Colonies

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Politics and religion were closely linked in the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Government leaders were also church members. Government leaders were also church members. Ministers had great political power. Ministers had great political power. Only male church members were allowed to vote. Only male church members were allowed to vote. Colonists became full church members by becoming a member of the elect. Colonists became full church members by becoming a member of the elect. Section 3: The New England Colonies

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Puritan Response to Dissenters Dissenters were mistreated and were often accused of witchcraft, brought to trial, and put to death. Section 3: The New England Colonies

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to OBJECTIVES  What role did religion play in the founding and development of Maryland?  How were the Carolinas established, and how did their economies develop?  How were the middle colonies founded? Section 4: The Southern and Middle Colonies

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to Religion played a major role in Maryland. Colonists came to escape religious persecution. Colonists came to escape religious persecution. Religious conflicts developed between the Catholics and Protestants. Religious conflicts developed between the Catholics and Protestants. The Toleration Act of 1649 was one of the first laws protecting religious tolerance passed in the colonies. The Toleration Act of 1649 was one of the first laws protecting religious tolerance passed in the colonies. Section 4: The Southern and Middle Colonies

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to How the Carolinas Were Founded The Carolinas were founded when Charles II gave eight of his supporters land. The Carolinas were founded when Charles II gave eight of his supporters land. The settlements were widely divided making government difficult. The settlements were widely divided making government difficult. Thus, North and South Carolina were formed. Thus, North and South Carolina were formed. The economy was based on farming rice and slave labor. The economy was based on farming rice and slave labor. Section 4: The Southern and Middle Colonies

C ALL TO F REEDOM HOLT HOLT, RINEHART AND WINSTON Beginnings to The Middle Colonies were founded because of: fur trade and farming fur trade and farming land grants land grants religious toleration for Jews, Huguenots, Puritans, and Quakers religious toleration for Jews, Huguenots, Puritans, and Quakers Section 4: The Southern and Middle Colonies