The Counter-Reformation By Mrs. Lauterhahn World Civilizations

Reforming the Catholic Church Protestants weren’t the only ones unhappy with the _______ _____. So were some Catholics. – Some Catholics worked on the _____ ___________: making internal changes to the Catholic Church

People involved in Counter Reformation Girolamo Savanarola – he preached about abuses of the church in the 1400’s – Called for the Church to melt ____ and ___ to pay to feed the hungry – Convinced followers to burn jewelry and trinkets in a huge fire called ______ of the _________. – Church first allowed him to work, but then excommunicated him and had him ______ in WHY??? Because the Church feared he might become too powerful (ideas were dangerous).

The Jesuits Also called the _______ of _______. Put a new emphasis on spirituality and service Founded in 1534 by Ignatius of Loyola (former soldier) He ran it like the military – emphasis on obediance to the church Emphasis on _________ – believed that mind was a powerful weapon in fight against Protestantism – This helped Catholics regain ground and lots of bloody wars between Catholics and Protestants Lots of __________ work – people going around the world to convert others to Catholicism.

Council of Trent Idea was to redefine doctrines of the Catholic faith Took place on and off for ___ years Officials were led by Pope ______ III Goals of Council: look at what _________ are complaining about in regards to Catholic Church AND simplify church teachings.

Council of Trent cont’d Church admitted cardinals and bishops were corrupt and started investigating it Started training priests to end _______ abuse To end financial abuse, they get rid of __________. At the end of their meetings, they renounce __________ beliefs of individual spirituality and self-discipline

Council of Trent, cont’d Council argued that church could help believers achieve _______ by using mystery and ceremonies to inspire faith. This was consistent with the beliefs of millions of people.

There is NO resolution between the 2 religious groups (____________ and __________) The Council was successful in creating renewed interest in the _________ Church – Austria, Poland and some other European countries return to the Catholic Church They did establish many colleges and universities in Europe by the ______’s

Who Helped Carry Out the Reforms? Charles Borromeo – he was the archbishop of ____ and built schools that were designed just to educate ________ Frances of Sales – did missionary work and wanted to educate _______ because the women will teach their children to become better Catholics. He converted people from ______________.

Women Life before the Renaissance: – Clean – Cook – Take for children and house – NO _______, ________ or traveling Life after the Renaissance: – Women begin to play a role in the ________ – _____ take care of children, the sick, the poor

Women’s Groups Company of St. Ursula – group of women that teach girls how to do housework, cook, healthcare (how to be a _______) Visitation of Holy Mary – group of schools that train women to become _________ – they are teaching lower level education Mary Ward – designed group of schools for girls. Church didn’t like this; saw her as ______ and dangerous Teresa de Avila – decided that Church policies are too lenient so she starts the ________ Order – they are very strict and live a very simple life.

The Roman Inquisition This is a ______ Court that questions people they think are breaking church laws: – Martin Luther – Protestants – Heretics – Accused _______ (people in touch with nature more than religion)

Roman Inquisition cont’d There is NO trial – they just try to make people confess to whatever they are accused of They get them to confess through ________ Index of __________ _____: list of books the Catholic Church says you cannot read. If you read them, you will go to ____ and lose your soul. _________ used the Inquisition to make the point that the Catholic Church still has huge problems and didn’t change anything

Religious Effects Because of religious __________ (punishing, torturing) of religious beliefs, Protestants in Europe decide to leave Europe and go to North America (Puritans, Pilgrims, Quakers) Different branches of ___________ are formed: – Lutheran – Anabaptist – Calvinists – Anglican This paves the way for religious ________, especially in the United States

Social Effects Catholics and Protestants, including Martin Luther, do not like ____ and _________ They told Muslims in Spain to convert to Christianity or leave Spain or die Jews were confined to _______ and stripped of possessions and dignity – What are ghettos? Many people feared that witches roamed land and killed children, cattle, worked with the _____, etc. They were tried and sentenced to death. Many innocent victims were killed.

Religious Wars 1494: King Charles VIII of France invades ______ – This begins a series of wars for control of Italy ITALIAN WARS: – France and Spain both fought for control of Italy – England even got involved – In 1527 Charles V of Spain carried out a military event with the sack of Rome – 1559 – the Wars finally ended, but the Wars were credited with expanding the _____ ___________. HOW???

Conflict Amongst the Germans New ideas about the Renaissance moved through Germany This made __________ aware of how unhappy they were because of high ____ and lack of ______ Reformation preachers discussed the idea of freedom and this increased the dissent amongst the peasants. Thousands of German peasants stormed ______ and ___________. This Rebellion was known as the ________’s War.

Peasant’s War ______ used harsh force to suppress the peasants Martin Luther was accused of starting the riot, although he denied it, saying the peasants “rob and rage and act like ____ ______” He refused to join the rebellion Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) began a holy war against Protestantism by attacking the __________ Princes in Germany

This was ended by the ______ of _________ (Charles V didn’t show up) Allowed each prince to choose the religion he wanted his subjects to practice (only choices were _________ and __________) and subjects had no choice in the matter Paved the way for more religious unrest to come

Conflicts Between Religions France: The Huguenots (Protestant minority) fought against ____________ – Fighting ended when their leader, Henry of Navarre converted to Catholicism – Conversion led to political stability (Catholics accepted him as king) 1598 Edict of ________ granted religious freedom to Protestants