Persia and Greece

7 Important Periods Ancient Iran, 1000–30 b.c.e. Greek Archaic period 800–480 b.c.e. Persian Wars Classical Age of Greece 480–430 b.c.e. Peloponnesian War (& 100 years of fighting) 431 BCE- 340 BCE Alexander the Great 336 b.c.e Hellenistic Age 323–30 b.c.e.

Ancient Iran, 1000–30 b.c.e. Few natural resources Great location for trade- Silk road Medes overthrew Assyrians Persians Intermarry with and overtake the Medians Cyrus Cambyses Darius I. Twenty provinces –satrap –Annual tribute –well-maintained roads Susa-Political capital Persepolis cultural capital King –Aloof lawgivers –Gave cultural and legal autonomy Zoroastrian

Greek Archaic period 800–480 bce Few resources but great harbors Pop growth- Urbanization (Polis) City States fought –Hoplites Colonization Middle class develops –Elites lose significance –Popular tyrants rule –Gives way to democracy and oligarchy Scholarship –Humanism –Philosophy –Logographers –Historians Religion Sparta –Militaristic society Athens –Wealthy society – Democracy

Persian Wars Persia vs Greece (2X) First war- fought to a standstill Second War Sparta –Hellenitic League –Thermopile Athens –Take charge (Delian League) –Force Persians out

Classic Age of Greece bce Athenian Age –Imperialist –Subordinated other states –Very strong Navy –Great Wealth through trade Lower class Athenian males gained political significance Scholarship and arts grew –Socrates –Plato –Aristotle Social inequality

Peloponnesian War 431 Sparta gets tired of Athens Greek civil war Sparta wins but people then resent Sparta 100 years of fighting As Greece fights –Persia regains land –Macedonia to the North grows powerful Phillip Alexander

Alexander the Great 336 b.c.e Conquers –Persians –Egyptians –Greeks –Gets to Indus river Built many cities (Alexandria) Encouraged intermarrying and cultural sharing Dies

Hellenistic Age (323–30 b.c.e.) Empire broken up into 3 kingdoms Seleucid kingdom –Mesopotamia, –Anatolia, –Iran (lost quickly) –Indus valley (lost quickly) Ptolemies –Egypt Antigonids –Macedonia –Greece Hellenization All 3 kingdoms used and blended with local customs