1. Ancient Greece

2. Geography of Greece

3. Geography of Greece Mountainous & islands Caused isolation
Didn’t create large empire
Developed city-states (polis) w/ different styles of gov’t
Caused wars

4. Greek City-States Athens Sparta Women did not go to school Democracy
Choose council members
Valued education
Only wealthy boys could get an education
Women have more rights – men fighting
Military training from 7 – 60 years old
Valued strength, duty, discipline
Military supremacy
Had slaves (tried to revolt)
Several gov’t branches
Simple lifestyle (bad food)
Shared Culture
Battled Persia
Military training
Polis
Social classes
Greek City-States

5. Athens & Sparta
499 BCE – 449 BCE: Fight together in Greco-Persian War (Xerxes, “300” – Thermopylae, Salamis)
BCE:
Fight each other in Peloponnesian War
(Athens loses)

6. Practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B. C
Practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B.C. State ruled by a king Rule was hereditary Some rulers claimed divine right
Rule of the Kings

7. B.C. hoplite – citizen soldier of a polis free citizen; responsible for purchasing his own armor & weapon promoted equality among soldiers battle tactic: phalanx
Hoplite Army

8. 700 – 500 B.C. City-states established new city-states around Mediterranean (400+) relived overpopulation spread Greek culture created commercial networks & sources of new wealth
Colonization

9. Powerful individuals seized control of gov’t Tyrant – leader who worked for the interest of the ordinary people (photo to left: Periander, tyrant of Corinth)
Rise of Tyrants

10. Hoplite power grew Tyrants were rejected Democracies developed (males who participated in army could take part) Oligarchies developed (wealthiest males controlled government) (photo to left: Acropolis in Athens)
Democracy & Oligarchy

11. Navy important in some city-states Ships powered by rowers Naval power grew & poor men who served as rowers demanded same political rights as hoplites. Democracy expanded to include all male citizens
Triremes

12. Greek Religion Polytheistic Gods: Zeus – ruler of the gods
Hera – Zeus’ wife
Athena – Zeus’ daughter, goddess of wisdom
Lived on Mount Olympus
Mythology – stories about gods told to explain the natural world or the customs/beliefs of a society
Medusa
Heracles

13. Greek Philosophers: Socrates
Philosopher – thinker who uses logic & wisdom
Question everything
Socratic method: like a teacher-student discussion, led by questioning
Accused & tried for corrupting Athens’ youth

14. Greek Philosophers: Plato
Student of Socrates
Wrote down conversations of Socrates
Wrote The Republic
Correct form of gov’t:
Rule by philosophers

15. Greek Philosophers: Aristotle
Pupil of Plato
Used a method for arguing based on logic – basis for our scientific method
Teacher to Alexander the Great

16. Alexander the Great From Macedonia (city-state in N. Greece)
356 – 323 BCE
Conquers all of Greece, Persia, & invades India
Hellenistic Culture – blend of Greek, Persian, Indian, and Egyptian customs & beliefs