Ministry of Sustainble Development and Planning Vice-ministry of Environment, Natural Resources and Forestry Development Climate Change National Program of Bolivia PNCC - BOLIVIA 1 Preliminary Technology Needs Assessment in Bolivia Javier Hanna Climate Change National Program UNFCCC /UNDP Meeting on Methodologies for Technology Needs Assessments Seoul – Republic of Korea, April 2002

PNCC - BOLIVIA2 Background Article 4.5 of the UNFCCC: developed country Parties “shall take all practicable steps to promote, facilitate and finance, as appropiate, the transfer of, or access to, environmentally sound technologies and know-how to other Parties, particularly developing country Parties, to enable them to implement the provisions of the Convention” Achieving the ultimate objective of the UNFCCCC, will require technological innovation and the rapid and widespread transfer and implementation of technologies and know-how for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving the ultimate objective of the UNFCCCC, will require technological innovation and the rapid and widespread transfer and implementation of technologies and know-how for mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions. The transfer of technology for adaptation is also very important element of reducing vulnerability to climate change, which is a key element for developing countries, specially for those most vulnerable. The transfer of technology for adaptation is also very important element of reducing vulnerability to climate change, which is a key element for developing countries, specially for those most vulnerable.

PNCC - BOLIVIA3 TT from the perspective of Bolivia Bolivia through the Climate Change National Program (CCNP), has developed concrete actions to meet its commitments under UNFCCC (National Action Plan on CC, National Implementation Strategy, First National Communication, GHG Emissions Inventories). Bolivia through the Climate Change National Program (CCNP), has developed concrete actions to meet its commitments under UNFCCC (National Action Plan on CC, National Implementation Strategy, First National Communication, GHG Emissions Inventories). One of the next important steps followed was a preliminary Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change in Bolivia: Energy, Industrial Processes and Land Use Change & Forestry Sectors (GEF support). One of the next important steps followed was a preliminary Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change in Bolivia: Energy, Industrial Processes and Land Use Change & Forestry Sectors (GEF support). The assessment has permited to: define priority sectors, compile technology information, select technology priorities, assess barriers and gaps, and evaluate possible ways to overcome these barriers. The assessment has permited to: define priority sectors, compile technology information, select technology priorities, assess barriers and gaps, and evaluate possible ways to overcome these barriers.

PNCC - BOLIVIA4 Technology Needs Assessment: Country-driven Process Compiling Technology Information Identification of national key organizations and experts + Consultations National or sectoral strategies, programs and plans Identification of Barriers Technology Needs Assessment National Consultations Reviews Further actions Sustainable Development Goals

PNCC - BOLIVIA5 Sources of Information National Mitigation Analysis (Energy, Forestry and Agriculture sectors). National Mitigation Analysis (Energy, Forestry and Agriculture sectors). Sectoral and National Plans (Energy and Forestry sectors). Sectoral and National Plans (Energy and Forestry sectors). Stakeholder consultations – government agencies and programs, private programs (clean technology), industries (many subsectors), national chambers of industries and bussiness asociations, academic institutions. Stakeholder consultations – government agencies and programs, private programs (clean technology), industries (many subsectors), national chambers of industries and bussiness asociations, academic institutions. IPCC Special Report: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer. IPCC Special Report: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer.

PNCC - BOLIVIA6 Compiling and Supplementing Technology Information Identification of alternative technologies for each subsectors (international and national sources). Identification of alternative technologies for each subsectors (international and national sources). Analysis of benefits of the technologies (international and national sources). Analysis of benefits of the technologies (international and national sources). Analysis of implementation potential (national sources). Analysis of implementation potential (national sources). In select subsectors and select technologies: analysis of climate response potential. In select subsectors and select technologies: analysis of climate response potential. Technology performance and costs (international sources). Technology performance and costs (international sources).

PNCC - BOLIVIA7 Compiling and Supplementing Technology Information Country experiences and available information on environmentally sound technologies (national sources). Country experiences and available information on environmentally sound technologies (national sources). Planned national or sectoral strategies, programs and plans promoting new technologies implementation (national sources). Planned national or sectoral strategies, programs and plans promoting new technologies implementation (national sources). Analysis of Implementation Barriers for each subsector (national sources). Analysis of Implementation Barriers for each subsector (national sources). Analysis of Implementation Barriers for selected technologies (national sources). Analysis of Implementation Barriers for selected technologies (national sources).

PNCC - BOLIVIA8 Identification of National Key Organizations and Experts - Consultations The national team (part of CCNP) was responsible of gather information, make a review process of information’s quality, identify key organizations and experts, and make consultations. For some key particular sectors (e.g. cement industry, co- generation initiatives, forestry sector) - primary data collection, field trips, discussions in place, analysis of priorities and barriers, analysis of previous environmental and energy assessments. Barriers were identified mainly in the consultations process with directly involved stakeholders and organizations. The review process of technology needs assessment, was done by key sectoral experts and the Climate Change Inter- institutional Council.

PNCC - BOLIVIA9 Gathering Information from the Public Entities and Domestic Industries Bolivia addressed this challenge using many ways:  Direct “official” approach.  Through Climate Change Inter-institutional Council.  Direct approach through industry groups.  Personal approach (members of the CCNP team).  Approach through experts. Many times helpful information can only be found in particular governmental agencies, industry groups or firms. Access to these information is in many cases very difficult.

PNCC - BOLIVIA10 Technology Transfer Oportunities Were identified many technologies with potential to transfer in Bolivia: Energy Sector: Fuel switching, CFLs, Renewable sources, Improvement in thermal and electric processes (energy management), Biomass fuels, Maintenance systems, Good practice in processes, Combined cycles, Co-generation, etc.Energy Sector: Fuel switching, CFLs, Renewable sources, Improvement in thermal and electric processes (energy management), Biomass fuels, Maintenance systems, Good practice in processes, Combined cycles, Co-generation, etc. Industrial Processes Sector: Recovery systems, Improvement in equipments, kilns and reservoirs, Introduction of advanced kilns and ovens, etc.Industrial Processes Sector: Recovery systems, Improvement in equipments, kilns and reservoirs, Introduction of advanced kilns and ovens, etc. Forestry sector: Improvement of silvicultural practices, Sustainable harvest and management practices, Protected area management systems, Susbtitution of fossil fuels in forestry practices, etc.Forestry sector: Improvement of silvicultural practices, Sustainable harvest and management practices, Protected area management systems, Susbtitution of fossil fuels in forestry practices, etc.

PNCC - BOLIVIA11 Energy Sector Compressed natural gas Renewable sources Efficient biomass use Minihydro power plants

PNCC - BOLIVIA12 Barriers to the Transfer of Technology Lack of financial institutions or systems.Lack of financial institutions or systems. Lack of supporting institutions and legal frameworks.Lack of supporting institutions and legal frameworks. Inability to assess, select and adapt appropiate technologies.Inability to assess, select and adapt appropiate technologies. Lack of information and management experience.Lack of information and management experience. Lack of awareness and acceptance of technologies.Lack of awareness and acceptance of technologies. Lack of confidence in the economic, commercial, or technical viability of technologies.Lack of confidence in the economic, commercial, or technical viability of technologies. Lack of information on current or planned donor activities.Lack of information on current or planned donor activities. Lack of science, engineering and technical knowledge available to industries.Lack of science, engineering and technical knowledge available to industries. High transaction costs.High transaction costs. Cultural and social national circumstances.Cultural and social national circumstances.

PNCC - BOLIVIA13 Some ways to overcome barriers in the Transfer of Technology Create systems for direct TT finacial support.Create systems for direct TT finacial support. Create incentives for investing in EST.Create incentives for investing in EST. Build human and institutional capacities.Build human and institutional capacities. Integrate human skills, organizational development and information networks.Integrate human skills, organizational development and information networks. Increase the capacity of social organizations, NGO’s, regulatory agencies and financial institutions.Increase the capacity of social organizations, NGO’s, regulatory agencies and financial institutions. Targeted pilot projects and demonstrations.Targeted pilot projects and demonstrations. Conduct education and outreach campaigns.Conduct education and outreach campaigns. Identification of donor activities and dissemination of this information.Identification of donor activities and dissemination of this information. Support to public and wide access to the TT information – creation of information networks.Support to public and wide access to the TT information – creation of information networks.

PNCC - BOLIVIA14 Challenge of Effective International Coordination Bolivia has conducted an early process to Assess its Technology Transfer Needs, based exclusively on national capacities.Bolivia has conducted an early process to Assess its Technology Transfer Needs, based exclusively on national capacities. To gaining access to useful information on technology transfer oportunities, it would be helpful strenght international cordination:To gaining access to useful information on technology transfer oportunities, it would be helpful strenght international cordination: UNFCCC, international bussiness community, bilateral and multilateral donors – developing countries. Find possible ways to make available information of developing countries in their advances of Technology Transfer Needs, at the international levels.Find possible ways to make available information of developing countries in their advances of Technology Transfer Needs, at the international levels.

PNCC - BOLIVIA15 Challenge of Effective International Coordination Needs of methodologies, analytical tools, guidance and information of country experiences to assess Technology Transfer Needs.Needs of methodologies, analytical tools, guidance and information of country experiences to assess Technology Transfer Needs. Regional workshops – training workshops.Regional workshops – training workshops. More attention and work is needed in reference to adaptation technologies.More attention and work is needed in reference to adaptation technologies. More information is needed for other sectors: forestry, agriculture, waste.More information is needed for other sectors: forestry, agriculture, waste.

PNCC - BOLIVIA16 Challenge of Effective International Coordination Bolivia has initiated a new cycle in the Assessment of Technology Transfer Needs, with the support of the CTI:Bolivia has initiated a new cycle in the Assessment of Technology Transfer Needs, with the support of the CTI: Conducted a first national roundtable to asses technolgy needs, based on the preliminary analysis:Conducted a first national roundtable to asses technolgy needs, based on the preliminary analysis: - New roundtables in other main cities. - Development of national Action Plan on TT. - Selection of 3 technologies and/or subsectors for in-depth analysis (possible case studies). - Confirmation of needs of a country-driven process and enhancement of national capacities.

PNCC - BOLIVIA17 Climate Change National Program of Bolivia Contact address: Javier Hanna Tel. / fax: La Paz – BOLIVIA