1. Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo: Research Priorities and Interest in China Lin Gan SINCIERE Member Workshop October 19, 2007

2. Institute Profile Established in 1990 Focus on climate change related research Independent foundation at Oslo University More than 40 staff with different background Conduct interdisciplinary research

3. Key Research Areas Scientific basis of climate change and international agreements GHG mitigation and costs Climate impacts, vulnerability and adaptation

4. Scientific Basis and International Agreements – What are the key processes, both natural and man-made, that contribute to climate change? – What are the effects of emissions and climate policy measures on the climate system? – How do we translate scientific knowledge about the climate system and future scenarios to politically feasible actions in international agreements? – What role does conflicting interests, at both the domestic and international levels, play in climate negotiations?

5. GHG Mitigation and Costs – How can we mitigate climate change cost effectively for the short and the long term? – How can we compare the costs and benefits of climate policy options? – How do international climate agreements translate to national or regional climate policy? – What are the impacts of greenhouse gas mitigation options on other environmental problems, e.g. air pollution, energy security or social development?

6. Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation – What are the specific impacts of climate change for various regions throughout the world? – What makes a country or region vulnerable to climate change? – How can local knowledge be incorporated in adaptation strategy? – How do the effects of climate change interact with other stressors, such as globalization?

7. Integrated Assessment of Options for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Need to link climate change issues and policies with pollution control, economic and social development priorities Cost-benefit analysis of different policy options on pollution abatement and CO2 emissions reduction Address pressing issues related to rural development and sustainable energy and environmental policies

8. Research Priorities Sustainable economic growth, energy security and regional development Urban and regional air pollution (including acid rain) Sustainable rural development: indoor air pollution and renewable energy development Co-benefit analysis of abatement measures and policy options Climate impact and adaptation on water resource management, community development and renewable energy applications

9. Co-benefit Analysis Analyze co-benefits of GHG emissions reduction and regional/local pollution abatement Assess health and environmental impacts of air and water pollution and remidation strategies and policy measures Analyze top-down and bottom-up approaches in taking cost-effective actions Assessment of key technologies and financial instruments

10. Projects in China Options for Chinese climate policy in the second commitment period Benefits and costs to China of a climate commitment Environmental decision making in China - Development of an integrated, effect-based, approach for supporting a comprehensive and cost-effective air pollution abatement policy (‘DEMAND’)

11. Projects in China An environmental cost model and estimation Master plan against air pollution in Shanxi Province Sustainable development and climate policies in a world of economic globalization Atmospheric pollution effects on local, regional and global scales – an integrated approach Wind energy development and policies Sustainable transport and greening of the auto industry Climate impact and adaptation in the Himalaya region

12. Missing Policy Coordination in China SEPA: energy management and efficiency improvement Ministry of Agriculture: public health related to energy production and use Ministry of Health: risks of household energy use and industry pollution on air and water Ministry of Finance: lack of support to sustainable energy and environmental protection targets NDRC: lack of effective coordination on key policy priorities and abatement measures

13. Need for Cross-sector Actions Most research and policy action are conducted in sector-oriented approach Lack coordination and cross-sector understanding It is important to assess key environmental problems and policies in a broader perspective Innovative policies should be designed to promote cost-effective action across disciplinary boundaries

14. Energy and Environment in Rural Development Rural energy use and its health and environment impacts are largely ignored New technologies are available Identify cross-sectoral and innovative solutions, e.g. bioenergy and water resource management, improvement in housing conditions to reduce indoor pollution Promote policy intervention through finance, commercial and community participation

15. Key Problems Water pollution Indoor air pollution Agriculture land degradation Agriculture product safety Health impact of food security Health impact of household coal use

16. Measures to be Taken Rational use of wetlands and waste land Combining sustainable farming with growth of energy crops Energy crops production (reed, willow) Pellets production and dissemination of biomass burning stoves Reduced coal use in households

17. Co-benefits Reduced water pollution to agriculture land and the sea Reduced CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use Reduced risks in agriculture products Reduced health impact of indoor pollution Income and jobs for farmers