2. 9-10/4/03AK1 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer Ghent, Belgium 9-10 April 2003 Andrej Kranjc Ministry of the Environment, Spatial Planning and Energy SLOVENIA

3. 9-10/4/03AK2 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer What is technology transfer? “ Technology transfer is a broad set of processes covering the flows of know-how, experience and equipment for mitigating and adapting to climate change amongst different stakeholders such as governments, private sector entities, financial institutions, NGOs and research/education institutions. ” (IPCC SR: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer) (IPCC SR: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer)

4. 9-10/4/03AK3 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer What is the role of technology transfer in addressing climate change? “ Achieving the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC will require technological innovation and the rapid and widespread transfer and implementation of technologies for mitigation of GHG emissions. Transfer of technology for adaptation to climate change is also an important element of reducing vulnerability to climate change. ” (IPCC SR: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer) (IPCC SR: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer)

5. 9-10/4/03AK4 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer Three major steps in technology transfer: 1. Technology needs assessment 2. Creating enabling environments 3. Transfer/deployment of a given technology

6. 9-10/4/03AK5 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer Decision 4/CP.7: “ The enabling environment component focuses on government actions, such as fair trade policies, removal of technical, legal and administrative barriers to technology transfer, sound economic policy, regulatory frameworks and transparency, all of which create an environment conducive to private and public sector technology transfer. ” For developed and developing countries and for IETs!

7. 9-10/4/03AK6 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer Ten dimensions of enabling environments: 1. National systems of innovation 6. National legal institutions 2. Social infrastructure and 7. Codes, standards and participatory approaches certification participatory approaches certification 3. Human and institutional 8. Equity considerations capacities 9. Rights to productive capacities 9. Rights to productive 4. Macroeconomic policy resources frameworks 10. Research and technology frameworks 10. Research and technology 5. Sustainable markets development (IPCC SR: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer) (IPCC SR: Methodological and Technological Issues in Technology Transfer)

8. 9-10/4/03AK7 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer More focus on three out of ten dimensions: 3. Human and institutional capacities Capacity building is required at all stages in the process of technology transfer. Must ensure there is a broad national commitment to environmentally sound technologies and that those most appropriate for national circumstances are selected.

9. 9-10/4/03AK8 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer More focus on three out of ten dimensions: (cont ’ d.) 6. National legal institutions Governments must strengthen national legal institutions for intellectual property protection; strengthen administrative and law processes to assure transparency, participation in regulatory policy- making, and independent review; and strengthen legal institutions to reduce risks.

10. 9-10/4/03AK9 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer More focus on three out of ten dimensions: (cont ’ d.) 8. Equity considerations The principle of cost-effective reduction should not be uncritically applied in all cases, but rather be examined on a case by case basis to see what the social impacts will be. Governments should develop criteria for ensuring that technology transfer projects do not disempower or negatively influence weaker social groups in a society.

11. 9-10/4/03AK10 Workshop on enabling environments for technology transfer Impact of joining EU on technology transfer in EITs: Expected to be positive from different perspectives: - strengthening national legal institutions by the transposition of acquis communautaire; - strengthening human and institutional capacities during accession process; - access to several EU programmes, e.g. LIFE for environment and nature, ALTENER and SAVE for energy, SOCRATES for education, etc.