EGYPT - Religion Gods and Godesses, Book of Dead, Spirit of Dead, Mummification, and the Afterlife

Gods and Goddesses Ancient Egyptians worship of 2000 different gods Before Egypt was united their were 40 tribes all with different gods After all the Gods were kept, meaning many gods had similar characteristics Animals were considered the living images of the gods

How Gods Dress Tunic with suspenders. Dress with suspenders. The short loincloth The short-sleeved overall The full-length dress

Important Gods Ra (re) Sun God Appearance: A man with the head of a Hawk wearing a sun disk headdress He was the most important God The ancient Egyptians believed that each night Ra was swallowed night by Nut, the sky goddess then reborn in the morning.

Important Gods Ma’at Appearance: A Woman with a feather on top of her head Ma'at was the goddess of truth, justice and harmony. Ma’at was often associated with the balance of things on earth

Important Gods Thoth Appearance: A man with the head of an ibis holding a writing palette Thoth was the god of knowledge and writing It was said that he gave the gift of hieroglyphics

Important Gods Anubis Appearance: A Man with the head of a jackal Anubis was the god of embalming and the dead. Jackals were often seen found in cemeteries, because of this it was believed that Anubis watched over the dead.

Important Gods Horus Appearance: Man with the head of a hawk Horus was a god of the sky. He is the protector of the ruler of Egypt. It was believed that the pharaoh was the 'living Horus'.

Important Gods Osiris Appearance: A mummified man who is wearing a white headdress with feathers Osiris was the god of the dead, and ruler of the Underworld. Osiris was also the god of vegetation (plant matter) that’s why he is green in appearance.

Important Gods Amun Appearance: A Man with a ram-head wearing an ostrich feather hat Amun was one of the most powerful gods in ancient Egypt. At the height of Egyptian civilization he was called the 'King of the Gods'.

Important Gods Atum Appearance: Man with the double crown Atum was a creator god. It was belived that Atum was the first god to exist on earth.

BOOK OF THE DEAD (reu nu pert em hru) In Egyptian called reu nu pert em hru which translates into "The Book of Coming forth by Day" Contains spells, charms, passwords and numbers to help secure an easy passage for the deceased into the afterife Egyptians believed that knowledge of the appropriate spells was essential to achieving happiness in the next life The book of the Dead was first inscribed on the sarcophogaus of the deceased in 1600 BCE, then later written on papyrus paper The book of dead inscribed on tomb   weighing of the heart against Ma'at’s Feather

BOOK OF THE DEAD (reu nu pert em hru) there are many different versions of the Book of the Dead including: copies inscribed in the tombs of Kings from the fifth dynasty and edited by priests of Annu written on papyrus paper and organized into chapters containing only hieroglyphics The book of dead inscribed on tomb   weighing of the heart against Ma'at’s Feather

BOOK OF THE DEAD (reu nu pert em hru) Spell 125 is one of the most well known segments which is the judging of the soul done by Osiris and his 42 judges The weighing of the heart against Ma'at is considered one of the more important chapters "Book of the Dead" meant to aid deceased in not dying a second time and becoming an akh The book of dead inscribed on tomb   weighing of the heart against Ma'at’s Feather

SPIRIT OF THE DEAD Egyptians believe that each person is composed of three essential elements: ka (life force), ba (soul/personality), and the body in which the soul is kept Ka, ba and akh are believed to be immortal aspects of the soul thus remaining alive inside the body after death Ba Ka 

SPIRIT OF THE DEAD In the Opening of the Mouth ceremony, the ba and ka are released into the next world Upon death, the ba and ka become separated from the body but remain alive Because the body of the deceased is mummified, the body must rely on the ba to seek out the ka Ba leaving the body

SPIRIT OF THE DEAD During the night when Ra visits the underworld, the ba are allowed to freely roam but must always return to the underworld because that is where the body lies and the ba and body are part of the same being If the ba is successful in reuniting itself with the ka, it becomes an akh

SPIRIT OF THE DEAD If successful in becoming an akh, the akh inhabits the world after as it is believed by the Egyptians that three kinds of beings inhabit the world after death: gods, the dead (those who's ba and ka have not been united) and akhs Akhs are believed to be the "spirit of the dead"