1. Egypt’s Old Kingdom
Chapter 2 / Section 2

2. Old Kingdom Rulers (pg.48)
The Old Kingdom lasted from about 2600 B.C. until about 2300 B.C.
Pharaoh’s were all-powerful Egyptian kings.
Egyptians served the pharaohs because they believed the kingdom depended on one strong leader and they believed the pharaohs were sons of Re (RAY), the sun god.

3. Egypt’s Religion (pgs. 49-50)
Egyptians were polytheistic and believed in many gods and goddesses, or deities (DEE*uh*teez).
The main god was Re, the sun god.
Other main gods/goddesses:
* Hapi (HAH*pee) – ruler of the Nile
* Osiris (oh*SY*ruhs) – ruler of the dead
* Isis (EYE*suhs) – wife of Osiris; loyal wife and mother

4. God of Name Appearance Sun Ra head of falcon and sun disk Music Hathor
                   
Egyptian Gods
God of
Name
Appearance
Sun Ra
head of falcon and sun disk
Music
Hathor
horns of cow and sun disk
Destruction
Sekhmet
head of lion
Sky
Nut
blue with golden stars
Earth
Geb
colour of plants and Nile mud
Dead
Osiris
dressed in white with crook and flail
Desert
Seth
animal head with long curved snout
Pharoah
Horus
head of hawk and crown of Egypt
Magic
Isis
throne on head or holding baby
Wisdom
Thoth
head of ibis
Embalming
Anubis
head of jackal
Justice
Ma'at
feather in her hair
Creation
Amun
crowned with feathers
Cats
Bastet
head of cat

5. Life After Death Egyptians believed in life after death
Book of the Dead contained a collection of spells they needed to enter the afterlife.
To protect the body after death, Egyptians developed a process called embalming. Wrapped body was known as a mummy.
Egyptians learned a lot about medicine:
- used herbs and drugs to treat illness
- set broken bones and stitched cuts
- first doctors to specialize
- wrote world’s first medical book on scrolls of papyrus

7. The Pyramids (pgs )
Egyptians built pyramids to protect the bodies of dead pharaohs.
A pyramid took thousands of people and years of labor to build.
Egyptians used astronomy and mathematics to create the pyramids.

8. Pyramid of Giza
About 2540 B.C., the Egyptians built the largest and grandest pyramid in Giza, known as the Great Pyramid.
It was built for King Khufu (KOO*foo).
The pyramid rises nearly 500 ft., about the size of a 48 story building, and covers an area about the size of 9 football fields.

9. Egyptian Advancements (pg. 51-52)
While studying the skies to create the pyramids, Egyptians also created:
- the 365 day calendar (the basis for our calendar today)
- 12 months grouped into 3 seasons
- a system of numbers based on 10
- fractions; using them with whole numbers to add, subtract, and divide