Chapter 2, lesson 3 How the North Won Mr. Julian’s 5th Grade Class

Essential Question What events led to the North winning the Civil War?

Places Gettysburg, Pennsylvania Vicksburg, Mississippi Atlanta, Georgia Savannah, Georgia Appomattox Court House, Virginia

People Ulysses S. Grant William Tecumseh Sherman

Vocabulary Battle of Gettysburg Gettysburg Address Battle of Vicksburg Total war

The Battle of Gettysburg One of the most important battles of the war happened on July 1, 1863 fought in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The South, led by Robert E. Lee, pushed deep into northern lands. The Battle of Gettysburg lasted 3 bloody days. The North won this important battle with the South retreating back to Virginia.

The Gettysburg Address In November 1863, the Gettysburg battlefield was turned into a national cemetery. President Lincoln gave his Gettysburg Address which asked the Union to keep fighting and the end of slavery was worth the cost.

The Tide Turns Vicksburg, Mississippi was the focus of the western battle front for the North. To control Vicksburg you would control the use of the Mississippi River. General Ulysses S. Grant headed the Union forces in the Battle of Vicksburg. The battle lasted 48 days.

The Tide Turns On July 4, 1863, one day after the Battle of Gettysburg, the Union won. The Battle of Vicksburg cut the South in half.

The War Ends Grant was given control over all Union forces in March 1864. General William Tecumseh Sherman moved his army toward Atlanta, Georgia. Atlanta was a vital supply and railroad center. Atlanta fell to the Union on September 2, 1864.

The War Ends General Sherman used a method of warfare called total war where one does not just destroy the army but the people’s will to fight. Sherman ordered his troops to burn Atlanta and then burned a trail 300 miles long and 60 miles wide from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia.

The War Ends On December 21, 1864 Sherman's “March to the Sea” ended as Savannah fell without a fight. Sherman wrote the President “I present you as a Christmas gift the city of Savannah.” Sherman moved north joining forces with Grant’s moving south.

The War Ends In April 1865 both armies met in Richmond, capturing the Confederate Capitol. Robert E. Lee was trapped and had to surrender. He told his men “There is nothing left for me to do but go and see General Grant, and I would rather die a thousand deaths.”

The War Ends Generals Grant and Lee met in a farmhouse in Appomattox Court House, Virginia on April 9, 1865 to discuss the terms of surrender. The war was over, but the President expressed sympathy for the south. He asked the band to play “Dixie” as he told the crowd “I have always thought “Dixie” one of the best tunes I ever heard.” He would never see his plans carried out.

Timeline July 4, 1863 – Union soldiers led by General Grant cut the Confederacy in two by capturing Vicksburg, Mississippi. November 19, 1863 – President Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address honoring the men who died in battle there. April 9, 1865 – General Robert E. Lee surrendered to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia ending the war

Review Question What events led to the North winning the Civil War?