A Struggle for Canada

England Gains Control over Louisbourg & Quebec: What did these conquests lead to? The Fall of Louisbourg The Siege of Quebec Lead to the Battle of the Plains of Abraham Eventual French surrender at Montreal -English took the fort louisbourg / british layed siege (trying to capture the city)

French Defenses Fortress of Louisbourg French fortress – english had halifax. Taken prior to the british taking control

Fortress of Louisbourg

General Wolfe British Army Officer Attacked the Fortress of Louisbourg in 1758 Ended French control in Atlantic Canada Next Stop…..Quebec! General Wolfe would lead the siege of Quebec

Fortress of Quebec

Quebec The heart of New France The seat of government The symbol of France’s power If the British take Quebec, they will control New France

General Montcalm Leader of the French troops Charged with the defense of New France Killed at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Battle of the Plains of Abraham

Battle of the Plains of Abraham 14 September, 1759 - General Wolfe and the British launch a surprise attack at Quebec The British capture Quebec. The French retreated but returned later and set siege to the city. The British held out, despite running out of supplies, through the winter until the British navy showed up.

Battle of the Plains of Abraham http://teachertube.com/viewVideo.php?video_id=162 905&title=Battle_of_Plains_of_Abraham

To what extent was this battle important to British control over North America? More land under British control Meant the French were weaker

Chief Pontiac Pontiac was the leader of an Odawa Nation His people had been an ally of France Pontiac believed that the tribes should join together and fight the British ‘Englishmen, although you have conquered the French, you have not conquered us! We are not your slaves. These lakes, these woods, and mountains were left to us by our ancestors. They are our inheritance; and we will part with them to none’

What was Chief Pontiac’s Goal? To drive the British out of the Ohio River Valley and reclaim First Nations land taken by the British.

Treaty of Paris 1763 – signing of the Treaty of Paris (Officially ends the Seven Years War) France gave up all claims in North America. France wanted a guarantee that the British would not retaliate against French allies (Spain and native tribes) The people of New France were to be allowed to practice their Roman Catholic religion

What was the role of mercantilism before and after the Treaty? The British wanted New France for its resources (furs, fishing, etc.) After the Treaty, the British do in fact control the resources.

In what ways did the Royal Proclamation try to make a compromise between the three parties involved? British institution and laws for the Anglophones French were able to keep practicing their Roman Catholic religion Set aside sections of lands for the First Nations

The Quebec Act http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IbYGo9FQng8 Quebec was expanded to the size it had been when it was a colony of France. Much of the land set aside for First Nations became part of Quebec. French language rights were recognized.

How did the Quebec Act start bilingualism in Canada? The British could not assimilate the French, therefore the French were allowed to keep their official language. To this day, Canada still has two official languages.