External respiration-it moves oxygen from lungs to blood, then Carbon dioxide moves from the blood into our lungs Internal respiration-oxygen moves from blood into the cells, carbon dioxide moves from the cells into the blood O UR 2 RESPIRATION P ARTS

D IAPHRAGM A muscle that separates the chest from the abdominal cavity As you inhale, the diaphragm and muscles between your ribs contract, this contraction expands your chest cavity and your lungs

T RACHEA Also known as the windpipe Air moves into the lungs through the Trachea. The Trachea branches out into bronchi The airways become smaller as they branch out deeper into the lungs

O THER RESPIRATION SYSTEMS Upper airways-air exits and enters your body through the nose and mouth

L ARYNX Connects the throat and the trachea Contains the vocal chords, two bands of tissue that produce sound when air forced between them to vibrate. Also known as the voice box

S MOKING It can cause bronchitis and emphysema Increases the likelihood of asthma in children

B RONCHI The main airways that reach in to the lungs

A LVEOLI Twin-walled air sacs covered with capillaries Gas exchange takes place as oxygen and carbon dioxide spread across the walls of the capillaries and Alveoli

C ILIA The membranes of the nose are lined with hairline structure called Cilia Cilia work with mucus to keep foreign objects from entering your respiratory system

Air moves through the Pharynx or throat Contains the tonsils and adenoids (lymphoid tissue) P HARYNX

E PIGLOTTIS A flap of tissue located above the Larynx Folds down when you eat and drink to keep stuff from getting into your respiratory system

R HYTHM Changes with the level of your activity RUNNING: FAST RYTHEM WALKING: MEDIUM/SLOW RYTHEM LYING: SLOW/NORMAL RYTHEM

P ROBLEMS Sinusitis – inflammation of the tissue that line the sinusitis, air-filled cavity’s above the nasal passage or an infection Symptoms: nasal congestion, headache, and fever Treatment: nasal decongestion drops or spray and antibiotics Bronchitis – inflammation of the bronchi caused by infection or exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke or air pollution in bronchitis the membranes that line the bronchi produce excessive amounts of mucus in the airways Symptoms: coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath Treatment: Avoiding exposure to irritants and taking antibiotics

M ORE P ROBLEMS Asthma – Inflammation condition in which the trachea, bronchi and bronchioles become narrowed causing difficulty breathing, during asthma attack involuntary contraction, tightness and difficulty breathing, asthma attacks can be relieved with an inhaler that dispenses medication through the airways Pneumonia – Inflammation of the lungs commonly caused by a bacteria or viral infection, a common type of pneumonia is when alveoli swell and become clogged with mucus decreasing the amount of gas in the chamber, the cough fever chills and chest pain bacterial pneumonia are treated by antibiotics

T UBERCULOSIS Is a contagious bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs. The immune system surrounds the infected area and isolates it, can last for many years without symptoms, however when the immune system is weakened by illness or age the infection becomes active Symptoms: cough, fever, fatigue, and weight loss Treatment: antibiotics and hospitalization

E MPHYSEMA Disease that progressively destroys the walls of the ALVEOLI Emphysema is almost always caused by smoking Although the symptoms of emphysema can be treated, the tissue damage is permanent Symptoms: includes breathing difficulty and chronic cough.