Greek Civilization 2100 BC to 150 BC 1. Early Greece 2. The Classical Age 3. Greek Achievements 4. Alexander the Great The small, rugged peninsula in southern Europe – Greece – home of early advanced civilizations From the Minoans and the Mycenaeans to Sparta and Athens to the empire of Alexander the Great, the Greeks left a legacy that helped shape Western Civilization

1. Early Greece: 1650 BCE - 700 BCE Centered around trade

The Geography of Greece 2100 – 150 BC The Geography of Greece Ancient Greece is located in southern Europe. It is located on the Mediterranean and Aegean seas. The land is mountainous and the civilization does not grow around a river.

Early Greeks: Mycenaeans & Minoans

Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos) 2100 – 150 BC Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos) The Minoans were the earliest people in the Region. They were traders but their civilization disappeared around 1400 BC.

2100 – 150 BC Minoan Civilization Excavations done at Knossos reveal clues about their life: Private rooms Basic Plumbing Artwork- tied to the sea

Minoan Civilization Most Minoan images of priests are women 2100 – 150 BC Minoan Civilization Language-Linear A- cant decipher Most Minoan images of priests are women

The Mycenaean Civilization 2100 – 150 BC The Mycenaean Civilization The Mycenaeans arose next and were most famous for the Trojan War. They declined around 1200 BC.

The Trojan Wars Fought between Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae (Greece) 2100 – 150 BC The Trojan Wars Fought between Troy (Turkey) and Mycenae (Greece) The Trojan Horse-not sure if the battle took place

Homer: The “Heroic Age” The Odyssey – the account of Greek hero – Odysseus in the Trojan War The Ilaid is the second account

King of Mycenae who was murdered by his wife’s mistress 2100 – 150 BC The Mask of Agamemnon King of Mycenae who was murdered by his wife’s mistress

The Dark Ages 1100-750 BCE After the Trojan War the Mycenaean civilization collapsed due to civil war and/or invasions from the north Writing was lost so little is known about the period

2100 – 150 BC 2. Classical Greece: 700 BCE - 324 BCE

The Rise of Greek City States 2100 – 150 BC The Rise of Greek City States The region declined for hundreds of years after the Mycenaeans. Around 750 BC, the Greek City state, or polis, started to develop. Cities were built on two levels, with an acropolis (citadel) on the top level.

The Rest of the City States 2100 – 150 BC The Rest of the City States Below the Acropolis was the walled part of the city where everyday life took place. There were marketplaces, theaters, public buildings, and homes. The market was called the agora. It was usually in the center of the city.

2100 – 150 BC Athens

Governing the City State 2100 – 150 BC Governing the City State At first, city states were ruled by one person, usually a king. This is called a monarchy. They were often called tyrants. Next, it was ruled by a small group of nobles. This is called an oligarchy. New forms of government – democracy would soon develop, especially in Athens.

Sparta Sparta was a city state that developed into a warrior society. 2100 – 150 BC Sparta Sparta was a city state that developed into a warrior society. Men spend their lives dedicated to warfare and training. Some women took up household and economic responsibilities because the men were occupied with war.

Helots  People enslaved by the Spartans. Sparta Military Might 2100 – 150 BC Helots  People enslaved by the Spartans.

Athens: Yesterday and Today 2100 – 150 BC Athens: Yesterday and Today Athens was a city state that developed into a democracy. A democracy is a place where people vote. Only male citizens could vote. Athens also focused on arts and learning.

Persian Wars: 499 BCE – 480 BCE Fought between Greece and Persia – Cause of Conflict region called Ionia

Greeks heavily outnumbered. The Spartans were led by Leonidas, the King of Sparta. His troops were the ultimate warriors. Persians Greeks 200,000 Infantry 7300 (300 Spartans) 1200 Navy 200 20,000 Cavalry

Thermopylae

The Battle at Thermopylae August of 480 BC The Greeks were waiting for the Persians at Thermopylae. (If the Persians wanted to get into mainland Greece they would have to take this pass.) Xerxes sat on a golden throne atop the pass to watch the battle. For the first two days the 7300 Greek soldiers were able to hold off the Persians, slaughtering the Persians. (Even Xerxes’ elite “Immortals”)

A Traitor Among the Greeks A Greek soldier betrayed the Greeks and showed Xerxes a path that would lead the Persian troops behind the Greeks. Leonidas sends the Athenians home knowing they are going to lose. This way the Athenians could defend the city. The Persians slaughtered the remaining Spartans, all were killed.

“The last stand…..

Statue of Leonidas in Sparta today.

Greek Victory in the Persian Wars Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian naval Victory

Persian Wars http://www.rom.gr/ROM7/images/afisa01.jpg

Golden “Age of Pericles”: 460 BCE – 429 BCE The most influential politician in Athens for many years following the Persian Wars Responsible for building the Parthenon & beautifying Athens

Peloponnesian Wars Defeats Athens Significance of the Wars— 2100 – 150 BC Peloponnesian Wars Athens –Delian League Sparta-Pelponnesian League Tension between the two leagues; Sparta and Athens fight until Sparta Defeats Athens Significance of the Wars— Weakened the Greeks which made them vulnerable to invasion and Conquest.

Macedonia Under Philip II 2100 – 150 BC Macedonia Under Philip II Took over Greece along with his son, Alexander the Great

2100 – 150 BC Hellenistic" Greece: 324 BCE - 100 BCE

Took over, at age 20, after his father was assassinated 2100 – 150 BC Alexander the Great Took over, at age 20, after his father was assassinated

Alexander the Great’s Empire 2100 – 150 BC Alexander the Great’s Empire

Alexander the Great in Persia 2100 – 150 BC Alexander the Great in Persia Within a year, Alexander conquered Persia

2100 – 150 BC Phalanx tactic

The Hellenization of Asia 2100 – 150 BC The Hellenization of Asia Greek-Like Culture mixed with others throughout Asia Although Alexander the Great did conquer the Greeks, he actually helped to spread Greek civilization all over Asia

The Economy of the Hellenistic World 2100 – 150 BC The Economy of the Hellenistic World

The Breakup of Alexanders Empire 2100 – 150 BC The Breakup of Alexanders Empire Alexander died in Babylon in 323 BC at age 33