 On this day in history in 1906, Dr. Lee DeForest demonstrated his electrical vacuum tube (radio tube)  If you could invent anything to what would it be, describe it with tons of detail. Explain why it would be important and who would use it

 Authority: a person who has a right to control others  Pharaohs: what the rulers of Egypt were called  Ritual: a ceremony reenacted in the same way time after time  Underworld: the world of the dead  Afterlife: life after death  Mummy: a body preserved by a special process

 Who remembers what Polytheism means?  The belief in many gods  Egyptians, like the Sumerians, were also polytheistic.  Therefore, the Egyptians believe in many Gods, even more than the Sumerians!!

 The ancient Egyptians worshiped over 2000 gods and goddesses.  Most gods were related or interacted with other God’s  Let’s watch and see…  k/gods/story/main.html

 As you will see, many gods were associated with animals  Egyptians believed God’s shared the qualities of these animals (strength, speed, bad temper)

 The Egyptian’s sun god  He was the lord of all the gods.  He was usually shown in human form with a falcon head, crowned with the sun disc encircled by the a sacred cobra.

 The jackal  Appearance: jackal-headed god  Job: Guardian of the cemetery. Guide of the dead as they made their way to the underworld.  Keeper of poisons. Patron of magic

 He who is above  Appearance: man with the head of a hawk or falcon  Job: Guards the pharaohs  Stands for good, truth, justice

 The Throne  Appearance: a woman, a winged goddess, wearing the hieroglyphic symbol of her name on her head  Job: Protector of the dead. Great enchantress, goddess of magic.  She taught mankind the secrets of medicine.

 Goddess of Truth, Law, Order  Appearance: lovely woman, holding a huge feather  Job: Maat’s feather sits in balance on one side of the scale during the weighing of the heart ceremony  Father Ra, Husband Thoth.

 King of the Dead  Appearance: green or red skin with a beard, wearing white mummy wrappings  Job: Supreme god, ruler of the afterlife.  Symbol of eternal life

 The Great Measurer, God of Wisdom (husband of Maat)  Appearance: man with head of an ibis (dog-faced ape)  Job: Records the heart weight at the weighing ceremony, scribe of the gods, keeper of all knowledge  Invented spoken and written languages, geometry, and medicine

 Egyptians believed they, like Osiris could overcome death  Ancient Egyptians believed that the afterlife was… effected by life on earth  Egyptians would enjoy all of the things that they had loved in life  But it was necessary that they prepare

 The first way to prepare was to live well.  Egyptians believed that Osiris decided who could enter the afterlife.  Those who had lived good lives would be allowed to live forever  If you had lived a poor life with sinful choice you would be destroyed forever

 The second way Egyptians prepared for the afterlife was preserving their bodies after death.  Egyptians believed a person had 2 spirits  One was Ka or the life force  The other was Ba or the soul  For a person to live forever Ka and Ba had to be united with the body after death

 Egyptians went to great efforts to preserve the bodies of their dead.  Poor people were buried in the desert where the hot sand quickly dried out the bodies

 Wealthy Egyptians had their bodies made into mummies  A mummy is a body preserved by a special process.  From these preserved bodies, scientist today have learned a great deal about life and death in ancient Egypt

 Ancient Egyptians were not the only ones to undergo mummification; animals were often mummified as well  Certain animals were valued highly: Cats for example were thought to be the earthly form of the goddess Bastet.  Egyptians also mummified beloved pets such as dogs, monkeys and birds. They were often buried next to their owner in the same tomb

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