Villa Walsh Academy (Part One) US History II Mr. Holland 5/12/2015America in World War II1

The Allies trade space for time Fighting WWII very complex. Fought on a truly global basis. American resources and ingenuity were severely tested. America brought reluctantly to the zenith of its power. 5/12/2015America in World War II2

The Shock of War The attack on Pearl Harbor galvanized America. Admiral Yamamoto said of the attack: "I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant.“ Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers not at Pear Harbor. Discrimination minimal but not true for Japanese- Americans held in labor camps Korematsu v. United States upheld decision by Roosevelt Administration. Finally, compensation in the 1980’s. 5/12/2015America in World War II3

Building the War Machine Factory war orders end the Great Depression Factories produce enormous numbers of planes, ships, tanks guns and other war material coordinated by the War Production Board Production challenges included material shortages such as rubber, and increased labor costs as well as shortages of manpower. Women and minorities including African Americans and Latino –Americans as well as foreign nationals (Bracero Program) will find jobs. 5/12/2015America in World War II4

Rosie the Riveter & Major Migrations Millions of women took jobs outside the home. 1.6 million African Americans left the South for factory jobs in the North and West. Fair Employment Practices Commission forbade discrimination. Braceros program in American Southwest Native Americans served ably in military and some became “code talkers”. Overall, Home Front suffered much less then allies and foes. 5/12/2015America in World War II5

The Rising Sun in the Pacific Japanese launched simultaneous attacks on Pearl Harbor, Guam, Wake and the Philippines. American forces in the Philippines hold out for five months on Bataan and Corregidor. Surrendering soldiers taken on Bataan Death March 5/12/2015America in World War II6

Japan’s High Tide at Midway In May 1942, crucial battle was fought in the Coral Sea. Battle was a draw although it was the first battle ever fought between ships who had never seen each other. Japanese abandon invasion plans for Australia. Over three days in June 1942, Americans led by Adm. Raymond Spruance, helped to destroy a total of four Japanese aircraft carriers in the Battle of Midway. Turning point in the war. 5/12/2015America in World War II7

America leapfrogging toward Tokyo. In August 1942, Americans land on Guadalcanal, looked to protect Australia and begin process of harassing Japanese. By February 1943, Japanese evacuate Guadacanal after a series of fierce land and sea battles. Leapfrogging meant attacking certain Japanese held islands and bypassing others. Ultimate goal was to bring Japanese Home Islands in bombing range. This was achieved by August 1944 with capture of Marianas Islands. 5/12/2015America in World War II8

The Allied Halting of Hitler The Battle of the Atlantic lasted from Hitler entered war with large fleet of modern U-Boats. Submarines would act alone or in concert as “wolf packs”. Their goal: Sink as many merchant ships as possible and make it impossible for the allies to maintain their chains of supply. Large surface ships such as the battleship Bismarck were also used as raiders but were generally less successful. 5/12/2015America in World War II9