2.  British and Americans concentrated on two main goals: (1) Overcoming the menace of German Submarines in the Atlantic, and (2) beginning bombing raids on German Cities.  Battle of the Atlantic- protracted naval war to control the shipping lanes.  Operation Torch Nov. 1942- North African Campaign to force Germany out, led by Eisenhower and Montgomery. It was successful in May of 1943.  Germany held northern Italy until final surrender in May of 1945.

3.  D-Day June 6 th, 1944- British, Canadian, and US forces under Eisenhower secured several beachheads on Normandy coast. It was successful.  After D-Day, the Ally defensive moved rapidly. As a result, Paris was liberated by the end of August.  By September, the German border was crossed, which caused the Battle of Bulge where Germans counteracted.  German Surrender- Hitler committed suicide in April of 1945, Nazis surrender a week later.

4.  Two Naval Battles were the turning points for halting Japan:  On May 7 th and 8 th of 1942, the Battle of the Coral Sea, US aircraft carriers stopped Japanese invasion of Australia.  June 4 th through 7 th, 1942, US decoded Japanese messages in the Battle of Midway, enabling the destruction of four Japanese carriers and 300 planes.  Island Hopping- Naval Commanders bypass strongly held Japanese Islands and isolated them with Naval and air power; allowed allied forces to move rapidly toward Japan.

5.  US Reoccupation of the Philippines = largest Naval Battle in history.  Battle of Leyte Gulf, Oct. 1944- Japanese Navy is virtually destroyed.  Japanese used Kamikaze Pilots to make suicide attacks on US ships; inflicted major damage at the Battle of Okinawa.  The US developed the atomic bomb and dropped it on August 6 on Hiroshima and on August 9 on Nagasaki.  A week after the second atomic bomb, Japan surrendered. (Formal surrender on September 2, 1945 in Tokyo harbor aboard the battleship Missouri.