Chapter 27 Feudalism and Japanese Reunification

Ming vs. Qing China Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty 1300s-1600s 1300s-1600s Support Chinese culture / replace Mongol traces Support Chinese culture / replace Mongol traces Positives: Cultural revival (literature, porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, Civil Service Exams, trade with Europe, Zheng He’s voyages) Positives: Cultural revival (literature, porcelain, architecture, Confucianism, Civil Service Exams, trade with Europe, Zheng He’s voyages) Negatives/Decline: Weak rulers, pirating off east coast, silver influx (inflation), shrinking agricultural yields, invaders from north (extensive borders were difficult to protect) Negatives/Decline: Weak rulers, pirating off east coast, silver influx (inflation), shrinking agricultural yields, invaders from north (extensive borders were difficult to protect) Replaced by Manchus from the North (Qing) Replaced by Manchus from the North (Qing) Qing Dyansty Qing Dyansty 1600s-1900s 1600s-1900s “Closed-off” “Closed-off” Gov’t controls trade in one city: Canton (exported tea) Gov’t controls trade in one city: Canton (exported tea) Favorable Balance of Trade (many exports/few imports) Favorable Balance of Trade (many exports/few imports) Aggressive anti-foreigner policies Aggressive anti-foreigner policies No foreign goods No Christianity – banned in 1724 Decline in late 1700s, early 1800s Decline in late 1700s, early 1800s Rapid population growth Poverty, lack of tech / scientific achievements ****BECOMES HEAVILY DOMINATED BY EUROPE IN THE 1800s

FeudalismFeudalism Japan: A political, economic, and social system based on loyalty, the holding of land, and military service. Japan: Shogun Daimyo Samurai Peasant Land - Shoen Protection Loyalty Food

Feudal Japan After 1185 – Japan was ruled by Shoguns – military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who was figurehead) – After 1185 – Japan was ruled by Shoguns – military rulers, ruling on behalf of Emperor (who was figurehead) – “Japanese Feudalism” – political and social, decentralized system “Japanese Feudalism” – political and social, decentralized system By s, Japanese feudalism breaks down - in reality ruled by Daimyo - landowning aristocrats By s, Japanese feudalism breaks down - in reality ruled by Daimyo - landowning aristocrats Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to arrive in the 1500s and exercise lots of influence Weak Japan (1400s-1500s) allowed Europeans to arrive in the 1500s and exercise lots of influence The Dutch arriveThe Dutch arrive Trade with EuropeTrade with Europe Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity

Reunification of Japan Effort to restore power in centralized, powerful shoguns Effort to restore power in centralized, powerful shoguns Occurs with the Tokugawa Shogunate Characteristics: Occurs with the Tokugawa Shogunate Characteristics: New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo)New capital at Edo (modern Tokyo) Centralized rule; emperor still a figurehead; lasting peaceCentralized rule; emperor still a figurehead; lasting peace Samurai keep elite status – citizens can’t own weapons (why)Samurai keep elite status – citizens can’t own weapons (why) Women’s status changesWomen’s status changes

Japanese Isolationism Japan had traded with Europe – going back to 1500s Japan had traded with Europe – going back to 1500s Tokugawa gov’t saw Europeans as barbaric Tokugawa gov’t saw Europeans as barbaric Banned missionariesBanned missionaries Banned gunpowder importationBanned gunpowder importation : Only could trade at one Japanese port (Nagasaki) – then shut it down altogether : Only could trade at one Japanese port (Nagasaki) – then shut it down altogether

Successes of the Tokugawa Restored peace / stability Restored peace / stability Good agricultural yields – population increases Good agricultural yields – population increases Edo grows as one of world’s largest Edo grows as one of world’s largest

How were the Qing Dynasty and the Tokugawa Shogunate similar (esp. with respect to contacts with the outside world?) Give specific examples How were the Qing Dynasty and the Tokugawa Shogunate similar (esp. with respect to contacts with the outside world?) Give specific examples What accounted for each government’s adoption of isolationist policies? (Why did they choose this route?) What accounted for each government’s adoption of isolationist policies? (Why did they choose this route?) What would be some of the long-term outcomes of Chinese and Japanese isolationism in the period ? What would be some of the long-term outcomes of Chinese and Japanese isolationism in the period ? Chapter 27 Review Questions