1. Chapter 20: Northern Eurasia

2. Warm Up Chapter 19 Who established the Ottoman Empire?
The Ottoman Empire is a new version of what empire?
Who are Janissaries and how were they successful?
Who begins the Safavid Empire?
Difference between Istanbul and Isfahan:
Why is there problem between Ottomans and Safavids?
Who established Mughal Empire?
Mughal is Persian for what?
Where do the Dutch establish their capital?
What 2 goods do the Dutch trade?

3. I. Japanese Reunification
A. Civil War and Invasion of Korea
Japan came under control of warlords called daimyo
Hideyoshi lead an invasion of Korea
Hideyoshi died and Japan and Korea made peace

5. B. Tokugawa Shogunate
In 1600, Tokugawa brought all local lords under his administration
Tokugawa land system: gave loyal lords rice land close to the capital; disloyal lords undeveloped land far away
Japanese Emperor had no political power
C. Japan and the Europeans
Jesuits were successful at converting farmers in Japan
Rebellion in 1630 was blamed on the Christians
Japan closed its ports in 1649 only the Dutch were allowed in; also Japan put a ban on Christianity

8. D. Elite Decline and Social Crisis
The system instilled by the Tokugawa depended on merchants giving loans
Population growth put strain on agricultural economy
Decentralization in Japan led to: growth in merchant class and economy in Japan
II. Later Ming and Early Qing Empires
A. The Ming Empire,
Climate change led to crop distress, migration, and disease in the Ming dynasty
Silver from the New World brought to China inflated the market
Why? How?

9. B. Ming Collapse and Rise of the Qing
Li Zicheng overthrew the Ming in 1644 Qing dynasty claimed China for its own
Ming suffered from invaders on its borders
Ming also suffered financially: Ming dynasty helped Korea defeat Japanese invasion
Why?
Manchu Imperial family ruled the Qing Empire

13. Manchu Ruler

14. C. Trading Companies and Missionaries
Chinese only allowed limited access in foreign trade
Spain, Dutch, Portugal—limited access
Jesuits converted Chinese elite
D. Emperor Kangxi
Kangxi becomes ruler at 16
During his reign the Qing dynasty incorporated many foreign ideas and technologies in their advancement: mapmaking, astronomy, anatomical and pharmaceutical knowledge from Jesuits
Jesuits converted Chinese and let them have their Confucius beliefs

17. E. Chinese Influence on Europe
The wealth of the Qing dynasty attracted a lot of trade from Europe: goods such as silk, tea, porcelain, and wallpaper
F. Tea and Diplomacy
Foreign trade could only come through one city (Canton); this was successful until 1700
Foreign countries (Dutch, British, French) tried to amend this policy with no success

20. III. Russian Empire
A. Drive across Northern Asia
When the Mongols were gone from the Russian land Moscow became the center of Russia
Ivan IV takes the title of tsar in 1547
Russia only could expand east because west was already civilized

21. Ivan IV

23. B. Russian Society and Politics
Cossacks were military servicemen who made temporary alliances with whoever could pay
Russian aristocrats: boyars put Romanov in power
Mikhail Romanov takes power in 1613 and takes most of the freedoms away from the peasants
1649 peasants were made into serfs

26. Romanov

27. C. Peter the Great
Fought to gain a port in the Black Sea and to free Istanbul of Muslim rule
Great Northern War was won and Peter built the capital of St. Petersburg
Attempted to modernize Russia building industrial plants and strengthen the military
Reforms (put down at the bottom sorry)
Built Russia’s first navy and modernized the army
Brought the church under state control and started the first Russian newspaper
Built St. Petersburg as his new capital, was modeled after western cities

30. D. Consolidation of the Empire
Russia expands to Alaska for timber and furs
Catherine the Great has the world’s largest land empire but it is not industrialized like Europe