First Aid CPR

What would you do? Baby crying Pregnant woman crying Choking Heart attack Stroke Hand on head talking on a cellphone Face in puddle Flew 40 ft off of motorcycle Face in steering wheel Deadly wound/severe bleeding

Emergency Scene Management $$$$$ 3 C’s ABCD’s Or 3 H’s

3 Checks (3 C’s) CHECK 1: Area – Scene Safety WHY? Is the area safe? Use your senses to find potential hazards for yourself (i.e. gas leak, broken glass, live wire, etc.) CHECK 2: Responsiveness – “Tap and Shout” WHY? Try to wake up the individual by tapping his face or slapping the ground beside her ear. Also, try shouting to get his attention (ex. “Are you okay?!”) CHECK 3: EMS – Unresponsiveness Call and get the AED *Do not leave the victim alone, try to ask a bystander to do these for you

Unconscious: ABCD Assessment and Intervention A – AIRWAY: Use two fingers to tilt victim’s head back to open the airway. Use other hand to gently guide the head and check for any obstructions in airway B – BREATHING: Tilt head to see victim’s chest and place ear near the victim’s mouth (MAKE SURE AIRWAY REMAINS OPEN) You are listening for breathing, looking for the rise and fall of the chest, and feeling for breaths for 10secs C – CIRCULATION Check pulse D –Defibrillation Use a defibrillator if available, it gives through step-by-step instructions Deadly Bleeding Find source of bleeding, cover wound, apply pressure and proceed with CPR – MINIMIZE blood loss

Conscious: 3 H’s HAPPENED? Find out the mechanism of injury HURTS? What is the main complaint? HISTORY? What is the medical history of the victim?

On-Going Care 1. Continue to treat the underlying problem 2. Treat for shock Signs and symptoms of shock: Shallow and rapid breathing Poor/weak circulation, rapid pulse Pale, cool skin Restlessness, weakness, fear, anxiety, confusion, disorientation Nausea, vomiting How to treat for shock: WARTS Warmth ABCs (vital signs) Rest & Reassurance Treatment of underlying cause Semi-Prone (Recovery Position)

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation No signs of breathing or circulation  CPR Do 30 compressions – PUSH HARD, PUSH FAST Give 2 breaths – pinch the nose and seal lips over mouth, breath should last about a second Repeat cycle of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until the ambulance arrives

Angina + Heart Attack Signs Greyish complexion Clammy skin Cyanotic (blue) lips Change in breathing rate Symptoms Pain in chest, radiating down left and possibly right arm Possible pain in jaw, or shoulder blade(s) Shortness of breath Gastric reflux Nausea Denial

Angina + Heart Attack How to help: 1.3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS) 2.3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? Medical History?) 3.Place person in comfortable position 4.Assist person to take prescribed medication 5.Treat for shock (WARTS)

Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) SIGNS Possible slurred speech One-sided paralysis Loss of bladder/bowel control Seizures A stroke results from a blockage of a blood vessel in the brain. SYMPTOMS Possible disorientation and confusion Possible blurred vision Severe headache

TREATMENT 1.3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS) 2.3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? Medical History?) 3.Monitor level of consciousness 4.Monitor ABCD’s 5.Keep casualty calm, loosen tight clothing. Place in a comfortable position (semi-sitting). If conscious with loss of sensation: place in recovery position 6.Treat for SHOCK (WARTS) Stroke: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

Choking: The Conscious Casualty TREATMENT 1.3 C’s: Check 1 (area) Check 2 (responsiveness) Check 3 (EMS) 2.Take charge and let the individual know you’re assisting 3.Stabilize & position casualty, having the casualty lean forward. Make sure you stabilize yourself as well. 4.Deliver 5 backblows Using heel of rescuer’s hand Deliver between shoulder blades

Choking: The Conscious Casualty 5. Landmark for abdominal thrusts a.Stand behind casualty b.Place hands slightly above belly button c.Make fist with 1 hand, thumb tucked in d.Support thrusting fist with other hand 6.Deliver 5 abdominal thrusts a.Deliver with force and intention of removing obstruction on 1 st thrust b.Use quick inward and upward thrusts Repeat from 4 below unit airway cleared or casualty unresponsive

Choking casualty becomes unconscious. Follow these steps: 1.Protect head and neck from injury during their collapse 2.Call and retrieve AED 3.30 Chest compressions (check pulse before providing compressions) Landmark in centre of chest - PUSH HARD + FAST! 4.Inspect mouth and open airway using head tilt, chin lift 5.Give 2 breaths – air enters lungs, check breathing If breathing, seek medical attention If NOT breathing perform CPR - Air does not enter lungs  reposition airway and attempt second breath 6.Treat for shock Choking: The Unconscious Casualty

Convulsions A seizure is caused by a chaotic burst of disorganized electrical activity in the brain. Absence seizure Signs The casualty will stare into space and be temporarily unresponsive Symptoms Pre-seizure Aura Poss. Visual disturbances Auditory disturbances

Convulsions Partial Seizure Signs Periods of automatic behaviour Altered consciousness Purposeful look, repetitive behaviour Symptoms Pre-seizure Aura Poss. Visual disturbances Auditory disturbances Generalized Seizure Signs Falling to the floor Unconsciousness Frothing from the mouth Clenched, grinding teeth Involuntary movements Symptoms Pre-seizure Aura Poss. Visual disturbances Auditory disturbances

Convulsions Pre-Seizure/during seizure care: 3 Checks (Area, Responsiveness, EMS) 3 H’s (Happened? Hurt? History? Assist person to safe position Provide protection (for head, if available) Clear the area Put nothing in mouth Protect (do not restrain) the head or body After the seizure: Normal for casualty to want to sleep Treat for Shock (WARTS) Perform on-going care while waiting for 911

Allergies MINOR REACTION Signs Watery eyes Hives Sneezing, runny nose Localized swelling (minor allergic reaction) Vomiting, diarrhea Symptoms Itchy eyes Breathing difficulty Nausea ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION Signs Change in breathing (wheezing, coughing) Change in pulse rate (weak, rapid pulse) Hives, redness Symptoms Itchy skin Agitation, then confusion Weakness Dizziness, lethargy

Allergies How to Help Cbeck the area, responsiveness, and EMS. If you are able to communicate with the person, ask them what happened, how the person got hurt and their medical history. It is also good to make the casualty calm and maybe you can assist them with any medications, if available. After this step, you can treat for shock (WARTS), activate EMS immediately (if not done already), and lastly, monitor casualty.